Department of Family Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
J Am Board Fam Med. 2011 Jan-Feb;24(1):75-85. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2011.01.100076.
Obesity negatively impacts the health of women in many ways. Being overweight or obese increases the relative risk of diabetes and coronary artery disease in women. Women who are obese have a higher risk of low back pain and knee osteoarthritis. Obesity negatively affects both contraception and fertility as well. Maternal obesity is linked with higher rates of cesarean section as well as higher rates of high-risk obstetrical conditions such as diabetes and hypertension. Pregnancy outcomes are negatively affected by maternal obesity (increased risk of neonatal mortality and malformations). Maternal obesity is associated with a decreased intention to breastfeed, decreased initiation of breastfeeding, and decreased duration of breastfeeding. There seems to be an association between obesity and depression in women, though cultural factors may influence this association. Obese women are at higher risk for multiple cancers, including endometrial cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer, and perhaps ovarian cancer.
肥胖会以多种方式对女性健康造成负面影响。超重或肥胖会增加女性患糖尿病和冠心病的相对风险。肥胖女性患腰痛和膝骨关节炎的风险更高。肥胖还会对避孕和生育能力产生负面影响。肥胖的母亲与更高的剖宫产率以及更高的高危产科情况（如糖尿病和高血压）有关。肥胖母亲的妊娠结局受到负面影响（新生儿死亡率和畸形的风险增加）。肥胖母亲母乳喂养的意愿较低，母乳喂养的开始时间较短，母乳喂养的持续时间也较短。肥胖与女性抑郁之间似乎存在关联，但文化因素可能会影响这种关联。肥胖女性患多种癌症的风险更高，包括子宫内膜癌、宫颈癌、乳腺癌，也许还有卵巢癌。
