Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA.
Epilepsia. 2011 Jan;52 Suppl 1:1-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02904.x.
Epilepsy is increasingly recognized as a disease that reaches well beyond seizures. Cognitive and psychiatric impairment affect half of all epilepsy patients, and to date there are no specific treatments for these symptoms. It is unclear which of these comorbidities are directly due to seizures and which are due to separable mechanisms that are parallel to those underlying ictal activity. Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic modulation are central to both the ictal and nonictal changes in epilepsy. Current diagnostic methods are rapidly advancing to better delineate the nature and extent of ictal activity, and could soon be critical in identifying patterns unique to the cognitive and psychiatric comorbidities.
癫痫越来越被认为是一种不仅仅局限于发作的疾病。认知和精神障碍影响了一半的癫痫患者，迄今为止，针对这些症状还没有专门的治疗方法。目前尚不清楚这些合并症中哪些是直接由发作引起的，哪些是由与发作活动平行的可分离机制引起的。突触调节的细胞和分子机制是癫痫发作和非发作变化的核心。目前的诊断方法正在迅速发展，以更好地描绘发作活动的性质和范围，并且很快可能对识别认知和精神合并症特有的模式至关重要。
