Women & Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Department of Pediatric Urology, Buffalo, NY 14222, USA.
Curr Urol Rep. 2011 Apr;12(2):126-31. doi: 10.1007/s11934-010-0164-y.
This article discusses the use of antibiotic prophylaxis in the treatment of three common conditions encountered by the pediatric urologist: 1) children with urinary infection and structurally and neurologically normal urinary tracts; 2) children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR); and 3) children with prenatally diagnosed ureteropelvic and ureterovesical obstruction. The literature remains unclear and contradictory. Additional significant risk factors for recurrent infection are age, circumcision status in boys, and toileting function. The evidence for the use of prophylaxis is best in those with VUR, although not everyone with VUR must be on medication. In the absence of definitive evidence, the clinician must individualize the treatment of each patient and family.
1）患有尿路感染且尿路结构和神经功能正常的儿童；2）患有膀胱输尿管反流（VUR）的儿童；3）产前诊断为肾盂输尿管和输尿管膀胱梗阻的儿童。文献仍然存在争议和矛盾。复发性感染的其他重要危险因素是年龄、男孩的割礼状况和排尿功能。尽管并非所有 VUR 患者都必须服药，但使用预防措施的证据在 VUR 患者中最佳。在缺乏明确证据的情况下，临床医生必须个体化治疗每个患者及其家庭。
