Institut Curie, Research Center, Paris, France.
Biochem J. 2011 Feb 1;433(3):403-9. doi: 10.1042/BJ20101214.
Motile processes are critical for several physiological and pathological situations such as embryonic development, tumour dissemination and metastasis. Migrating cells, or developing neurons, need to establish front-rear polarity consisting of actin-driven extension of the leading edge and traffic of components that are essential for membrane extension and cell adhesion at the front. Previously, several studies have suggested that the exocyst complex is critical for the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity. This octameric complex controls the docking and insertion of exocytic vesicles to growing areas of the plasma membrane. The aim of the present review is to detail recent advances concerning the molecular and structural organization of the exocyst complex that help to elucidate its role in cell polarity. We will also review the function of the exocyst complex and some of its key interacting partners [including the small GTP-binding protein Ral, aPKCs (atypical protein kinase Cs) and proteins involved in actin assembly] in the formation of plasma extensions at the leading edge, growth cone formation during axonal extension and generation of cell movement.
运动过程对于多种生理和病理情况至关重要，如胚胎发育、肿瘤扩散和转移。迁移细胞或发育中的神经元需要建立前后极性，包括由肌动蛋白驱动的前缘延伸和对膜延伸和细胞黏附至关重要的成分的运输。先前的几项研究表明，外泌体复合物对于细胞极性的建立和维持至关重要。该八聚体复合物控制着质膜生长区域的出胞小泡的对接和插入。本综述的目的是详细介绍外泌体复合物的分子和结构组织的最新进展，这些进展有助于阐明其在细胞极性中的作用。我们还将综述外泌体复合物及其一些关键相互作用伙伴（包括小 GTP 结合蛋白 Ral、非典型蛋白激酶 C（aPKC）和参与肌动蛋白组装的蛋白）在形成前缘的质膜延伸、轴突延伸过程中生长锥的形成以及细胞运动产生中的功能。
