美国部分屠宰场中来自公猪、母猪、小母猪和阉猪腰肉（背最长肌）的脂肪和瘦肉组织中感官污染、5α-雄甾烯酮和粪臭素的流行率和关系。

Prevalence and relationships of sensory taint, 5α-androstenone and skatole in fat and lean tissue from the loin (Longissimus dorsi) of barrows, gilts, sows, and boars from selected abattoirs in the United States.

机构信息

Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, 222C MacKay Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.

出版信息

Meat Sci. 2011 May;88(1):96-101. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.12.008. Epub 2010 Dec 9.

DOI:10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.12.008

Abstract

This study assessed prevalence of boar taint in backfat and lean of barrows, gilts, sows, and boars, collected from abattoirs, without knowledge of the farms of origin, in different regions in the United States. Concentrations of 5α-androstenone (liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy) and skatole (liquid chromatography with fluorescent detection) in backfat were measured. A trained panel evaluated boar taint aroma in heated samples. Mean 5α-androstenone and skatole levels were low among barrows, gilts, and sows, whereas 55.8% of boars scored above a 1.0 μg/g threshold for 5α-androstenone concentrations and 34.2% were above a 0.2 μg/g threshold for skatole concentrations. Mean aroma scores for backfat and lean from barrows, gilts, and sows were low. In comparison, 59.2% of boars had elevated mean aroma scores from fat samples and 31.7% from lean. Importantly, boar taint aroma was detectable by the trained panel in at least some animals in each of the sex classes.

摘要

本研究评估了来自美国不同地区屠宰场的未经来源农场信息的公猪、母猪、小母猪和公猪背膘和瘦肉中猪体味的流行情况。采用液相色谱/质谱法（LC/MS）测量了背脂中 5α-雄甾烯酮（5α-androstenone）和粪臭素（skatole）的浓度。一个经过训练的小组评估了加热样品中的猪体味香气。公猪、母猪和小母猪的 5α-雄甾烯酮和粪臭素水平较低，而 55.8%的公猪 5α-雄甾烯酮浓度超过 1.0 μg/g 阈值，34.2%的公猪粪臭素浓度超过 0.2 μg/g 阈值。公猪、母猪和小母猪的背膘和瘦肉的平均香气评分较低。相比之下，59.2%的公猪的脂肪样本和 31.7%的瘦肉样本的平均香气评分较高。重要的是，训练有素的小组在每个性别类别中至少可以检测到一些动物的猪体味香气。