Lewis L D, Phillips R W
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1978 Sep 1;173(5 Pt 2):636-42.
Extensive water, sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, and potassium losses occur in the diarrheal calf. The water loss is entirely from the extracellular space. In severe cases, hypovolemic shock occurs with the blood volume decreased by as much as one-half. Acidosis, which results from fecal bicarbonate loss, lactic acidosis, and renal dysfunction, results in tissue buffering, which in turn causes the efflux of cellular potassium ions. Although there is a total body potassium deficit, plasma potassium concentration is increased. This, in conjunction with an intracellular deficit, causes weakness, lethargy, and potassium cardiotoxicosis resulting in death. Hypoglycemia also contributes to the weakness and lethargy seem as calves become moribund. These losses from the body and shifts in fluids and electrolytes must be understood to develop the most effective rationale for supportive therapy.
腹泻的犊牛会出现大量的水、钠、氯、碳酸氢盐和钾流失。水分流失完全来自细胞外液。在严重的情况下，会发生低血容量性休克，血容量减少多达一半。酸中毒是由粪便中碳酸氢盐流失、乳酸酸中毒和肾功能不全引起的，会导致组织缓冲，进而导致细胞钾离子外流。虽然全身钾缺乏，但血浆钾浓度会升高。这与细胞内钾缺乏一起，会导致虚弱、嗜睡和钾中毒性心脏病，最终导致死亡。低血糖也会导致犊牛濒死时出现虚弱和嗜睡。必须了解这些身体的流失以及体液和电解质的变化，以便为支持性治疗制定最有效的理论依据。
