Lilenfeld Lisa Rachelle Riso
Argosy University, 1550 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 600, Arlington, VA 22209, USA.
Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2011;6:3-16. doi: 10.1007/7854_2010_86.
The assessment of personality and temperament in the context of eating disorders (EDs) poses unique challenges because of the physiological symptoms and sequelae of these illnesses. Four models of the relationship between personality and EDs are presented, along with a discussion of the different methodological designs which can evaluate these models. Current data support the likelihood that neuroticism and perfectionism are risk factors for EDs. Perfectionism and the related obsessive-compulsive personality disorder may also share a common cause with anorexia nervosa. High harm avoidance and low self-directedness also characterize all EDs, though more data are needed to confirm their role as risk factors; importantly however, this combination of traits may diminish one's ability to cope with stressful life events. At the other end of the spectrum, considering impulsivity multidimensionally may be important to understanding the role of this personality trait in EDs, though existing data do not yet allow for conclusions regarding its role as a risk factor versus a consequence of the ED. All of the identified traits that may be risk factors are also exacerbated as a consequence of having, or having had, an ED. Finally, the role of personality disorders in influencing the course and outcome of EDs is still unclear. A fruitful avenue for future research in this area is to utilize personality and temperament to classify individuals in a way that allows for the best chance of identifying genetic loci that confer increased risk for EDs.
由于饮食失调（EDs）的生理症状和后遗症，在饮食失调背景下对人格和气质进行评估面临着独特的挑战。本文介绍了人格与饮食失调之间关系的四种模型，并讨论了可用于评估这些模型的不同方法设计。目前的数据支持神经质和完美主义是饮食失调风险因素的可能性。完美主义及相关的强迫型人格障碍也可能与神经性厌食症有共同的病因。高回避伤害和低自我导向也是所有饮食失调的特征，不过还需要更多数据来证实它们作为风险因素的作用；然而重要的是，这种特质组合可能会削弱一个人应对压力性生活事件的能力。在光谱的另一端，多维考虑冲动性对于理解这种人格特质在饮食失调中的作用可能很重要，尽管现有数据尚无法就其作为饮食失调风险因素还是后果的作用得出结论。所有已确定的可能作为风险因素的特质，也会因患有饮食失调或曾经患有饮食失调而加剧。最后，人格障碍在影响饮食失调病程和结果方面的作用仍不明确。该领域未来研究的一个富有成效的途径是利用人格和气质对个体进行分类，以便有最大机会识别出增加饮食失调风险的基因位点。
