Hill Laura
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
Adjunct Associate Clinical Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
J Eat Disord. 2024 Mar 19;12(1):40. doi: 10.1186/s40337-024-00998-x.
Temperament has long been described as the biological dimension of personality. Due to advancing brain-imaging technology, our understanding of temperament has deepened and transformed over the last 25 years. Temperament combines genetic, neurobiological and trait research. Temperament has been included peripherally in some eating disorder (ED) treatment approaches but has been ignored by most. Temperament fills a fundamental treatment gap by clarifying who is more vulnerable to develop ED and why some individuals are susceptible to specific ED symptoms while others are not. In addition, temperament targets possible treatment solutions.
There is a need for a novel model that incorporates and explores the role of temperament in ED treatment intervention. This paper is a metaphoric temperament model to inform treatment intervention. It describes how temperament traits influences new decisions which impact new behavioural responses. In turn, it neurobiologically tracks how and why the brain efficiently transforms new decisions into new habits. This model integrates both temperament and habit research to explore (a) what temperament is; (b) how new decisions develop into habits neurobiologically; (c) that the brain wires destructive symptoms into habits in the same way that it wires healthy/productive behaviours into habits; (d) traits that trigger ED symptoms are the same traits that influence productive behaviours; and in regard to treatment implications (e) when treatment structure and intervention target client temperaments, the potential for new healthy "trait-syntonic" habits could develop.
This paper introduces a metaphoric model that synthesizes and integrates temperament neurobiological and trait findings with ED symptoms, habits, and client trait-based solutions. The model synthesizes and integrates different research domains to establish a brain-based foundation to inform treatment intervention. The model targets clients' temperament traits as central collections of innate self-expressions that could be utilized as tools to redirect client trait-syntonic ED responses into trait-syntonic productive outcomes. The brain bases of temperament and habit formation serve as a biological foundation for ED treatment intervention.
长期以来，气质一直被描述为个性的生物学维度。由于脑成像技术的不断进步，在过去25年里，我们对气质的理解得到了深化和转变。气质融合了遗传学、神经生物学和特质研究。在一些饮食失调（ED）治疗方法中，气质被边缘化地纳入，但大多数方法都忽略了它。气质通过阐明谁更容易患上饮食失调以及为什么有些人易患特定的饮食失调症状而另一些人则不会，填补了一个基本的治疗空白。此外，气质指向了可能的治疗解决方案。
需要一个新颖的模型来纳入并探索气质在饮食失调治疗干预中的作用。本文是一个用于指导治疗干预的隐喻性气质模型。它描述了气质特质如何影响新的决策，而这些决策又会影响新的行为反应。反过来，它从神经生物学角度追踪大脑如何以及为何能有效地将新决策转化为新习惯。该模型整合了气质和习惯研究，以探讨：（a）气质是什么；（b）新决策如何从神经生物学角度发展为习惯；（c）大脑将破坏性症状与习惯联系起来的方式，与将健康/有益行为与习惯联系起来的方式相同；（d）引发饮食失调症状的特质与影响有益行为的特质相同；以及关于治疗意义（e）当治疗结构和干预针对患者的气质时，可能会形成新的健康的“特质协调”习惯。
本文介绍了一个隐喻性模型，该模型将气质的神经生物学和特质研究结果与饮食失调症状、习惯以及基于患者特质的解决方案进行了综合和整合。该模型综合和整合了不同的研究领域，以建立一个基于大脑的基础来指导治疗干预。该模型将患者的气质特质作为天生自我表达的核心集合，这些特质可作为工具，将患者特质协调的饮食失调反应重新导向特质协调产生有益结果。气质和习惯形成的大脑基础为饮食失调治疗干预提供了生物学基础。
