Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation Group, Building Environment Division, Building and Fire Research Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2010 Dec;60(12):1443-51. doi: 10.3155/1047-3289.60.12.1443.
On the basis of currently available data, approximately 97% of generator-related carbon monoxide (CO) fatalities are caused by operating currently marketed, carbureted spark-ignited gasoline-powered generators (not equipped with emission controls) in enclosed spaces. To better understand and to reduce the occurrence of these fatalities, research is needed to quantify CO generation rates, develop and test CO emission control devices, and evaluate CO transport and exposure when operating a generator in an enclosed space. As a first step in these efforts, this paper presents measured CO generation rates from a generator without any emission control devices operating in an enclosed space under real weather conditions. This study expands on previously published information from the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Thirteen separate tests were conducted under different weather conditions at half and full generator load settings. It was found that the CO level in the shed reached a maximum value of 29,300 +/- 580 mg/m3, whereas the oxygen (O2) was depleted to a minimum level of 16.2 +/- 0.02% by volume. For the test conditions of real weather and generator operation, the CO generation and the O2 consumption could be expressed as time-averaged generation/consumption rates. It was also found that the CO generation and O2 consumption rates can be correlated to the O2 levels in the space and the actual load output from the generator. These correlations are shown to agree well with the measurements.
基于目前可获得的数据，大约 97%的与发电机相关的一氧化碳（CO）致死事件是由于在封闭空间中操作当前市场上的、化油器式火花点火式汽油动力发电机（未配备排放控制装置）引起的。为了更好地理解和减少这些致命事件的发生，需要进行研究以量化 CO 生成率、开发和测试 CO 排放控制装置，并评估在封闭空间中操作发电机时 CO 的传输和暴露情况。作为这些努力的第一步，本文介绍了在真实天气条件下、在封闭空间中运行的没有任何排放控制装置的发电机的实测 CO 生成率。这项研究扩展了美国消费品安全委员会之前发布的信息。在半载和满载发电机设置下，在不同的天气条件下进行了 13 次单独的测试。结果发现，棚内的 CO 水平达到了 29300 +/- 580mg/m3 的最大值，而氧气（O2）的体积浓度则降至 16.2 +/- 0.02%的最小值。对于实际天气和发电机运行的测试条件，CO 的生成和 O2 的消耗可以表示为时间平均的生成/消耗率。还发现，CO 的生成和 O2 的消耗率可以与空间中的 O2 水平和发电机的实际负载输出相关联。这些相关性与测量结果吻合得很好。
