Department of Behavioral Sciences, Sleep Disorders Service and Research Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612-3833, USA.
J Sleep Res. 2011 Dec;20(4):606-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2011.00907.x. Epub 2011 Jan 19.
This study examined a two-dimensional approach to assessing affective states among good and poor sleepers using the self-assessment manikin (SAM), a brief non-verbal self-report measure of affective states with separate ratings of valence and arousal. A sample of 286 undergraduate students completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the SAM. Participants were classified post hoc as either good (PSQI ≤ 5) or poor sleepers (PSQI > 5) using the PSQI and used the SAM to rate their current affective states (day) and their affective state at bedtime (night) the previous night. Compared to good sleepers, poor sleepers reported more negative affect and arousal at night and more negative affect during the day. Among poor sleepers, lower sleep quality and shorter sleep duration on the components of the PSQI were associated with more negative daytime valence. Among good sleepers, higher scores on the sleep medication and daytime dysfunction components of the PSQI were associated with more negative daytime valence. These findings indicate that the SAM appears to detect differences between good and poor sleepers on both valence and arousal of current daytime and retrospective night-time emotional states. This approach could be useful for the assessment of affective states related to sleep disturbance.
本研究采用自我评估情绪图（SAM），从效价和唤醒两个维度评估睡眠良好者和睡眠不良者的情绪状态，SAM 是一种简短的非言语自评量表，用于评估情绪状态。该研究样本包括 286 名本科生，他们完成了匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）和自我评估情绪图。根据 PSQI 将参与者分为睡眠良好者（PSQI≤5）和睡眠不良者（PSQI>5），并使用 SAM 评估他们前一天晚上的当前情绪状态（白天）和睡前情绪状态（夜间）。与睡眠良好者相比，睡眠不良者夜间的负性情绪和唤醒度更高，白天的负性情绪也更高。在睡眠不良者中，PSQI 各成分的睡眠质量和睡眠持续时间越低，白天的效价越负。在睡眠良好者中，PSQI 中睡眠药物和日间功能障碍成分的得分越高，白天的效价越负。这些发现表明，SAM 似乎可以检测到睡眠良好者和睡眠不良者在白天和夜间的当前情绪状态的效价和唤醒度方面的差异。这种方法可能有助于评估与睡眠障碍相关的情绪状态。
