Weinhandl Joshua T, Joshi Mukta, O'Connor Kristian M
Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Human Movement Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
J Appl Biomech. 2010 Nov;26(4):444-53. doi: 10.1123/jab.26.4.444.
The increased number of women participating in sports has led to a higher knee injury rate in women compared with men. Among these injuries, those occurring to the ACL are commonly observed during landing maneuvers. The purpose of this study was to determine gender differences in landing strategies during unilateral and bilateral landings. Sixteen male and 17 female recreational athletes were recruited to perform unilateral and bilateral landings from a raised platform, scaled to match their individual jumping abilities. Three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics of the dominant leg were calculated during the landing phase and reported as initial ground contact angle, ranges of motion (ROM) and peak moments. Lower extremity energy absorption was also calculated for the duration of the landing phase. Results showed that gender differences were only observed in sagittal plane hip and knee ROM, potentially due to the use of a relative drop height versus the commonly used absolute drop height. Unilateral landings were characterized by significant differences in hip and knee kinematics that have been linked to increased injury risk and would best be classified as "stiff" landings. The ankle musculature was used more for impact absorption during unilateral landing, which required increased joint extension at touchdown and may increase injury risk during an unbalanced landing. In addition, there was only an 11% increase in total energy absorption during unilateral landings, suggesting that there was a substantial amount of passive energy transfer during unilateral landings.
与男性相比，参与体育运动的女性人数增加导致女性膝盖受伤率更高。在这些损伤中，前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤常见于落地动作过程中。本研究的目的是确定单侧和双侧落地时落地策略的性别差异。招募了16名男性和17名女性休闲运动员，让他们从一个升高的平台进行单侧和双侧落地，平台高度根据他们各自的跳跃能力进行调整。在落地阶段计算优势腿的三维运动学和动力学，并报告为初始地面接触角度、运动范围（ROM）和峰值力矩。还计算了落地阶段持续时间内下肢的能量吸收情况。结果表明，仅在矢状面髋部和膝盖的ROM中观察到性别差异，这可能是由于使用了相对跌落高度而非常用的绝对跌落高度。单侧落地的特点是髋部和膝盖运动学存在显著差异，这些差异与受伤风险增加有关，最好归类为“僵硬”落地。在单侧落地过程中，脚踝肌肉更多地用于吸收冲击力，这需要在触地时增加关节伸展，可能会增加不平衡落地时的受伤风险。此外，单侧落地时总能量吸收仅增加了11%，这表明单侧落地过程中存在大量的被动能量转移。
