Chinnasee Chamnan, Weir Gillian, Sasimontonkul Siriporn, Alderson Jacqueline, Donnelly Cyril
Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Thaksin University Phatthalung Campus, Phatthalung, Thailand.
Biomechanics Laboratory, The University Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, United States.
Int J Sports Med. 2018 Jul;39(8):636-645. doi: 10.1055/a-0592-7422. Epub 2018 Jun 14.
Unplanned sidestepping and single-leg landing have both been used to screen athletes for injury risk in sport. The aim of this study was to directly compare the lower limb mechanics of three single-leg landing tasks and an unplanned sidestepping task. Thirteen elite female team sport athletes completed a series of non-contact single-leg drop landings, single-leg countermovement jumps, single-leg jump landings and unplanned sidestepping in a randomized counterbalanced design. Three dimensional kinematics (250 Hz) and ground reaction force (2,000 Hz) data with a participant specific lower limb skeletal model were used to calculate and compare hip, knee and ankle joint kinematics, peak joint moments, instantaneous joint power and joint work during the weight acceptance phase of each sporting task (α=0.05). Peak knee joint moments and relevant injury risk thresholds were used to classify each athlete's anterior cruciate ligament injury risk during unplanned sidestepping and single-leg jump landing. Results showed that peak joint moments, power and work were greater during the single-leg jump landing task when compared to the single-leg drop landings and single-leg countermovement jumps tasks. Peak frontal and sagittal plane knee joint moments, knee joint power, as well as hip and knee joint work were greater during unplanned sidestepping when compared to the landing tasks. Peak ankle joint moments, power and work were greater during the landing tasks when compared to unplanned sidestepping. For 4 of the 13 athletes tested, their anterior cruciate ligament injury risk classification changed depending on whether they performed an unplanned sidestepping or single-leg jump landing testing procedure. To summarize, a single-leg jump landing testing procedure places a larger mechanical on the ankle joint when compared to single-leg drop landings, single-leg countermovement jumps and unplanned sidestepping. An unplanned sidestepping testing procedure places a larger mechanical demand on the knee joint when compared to single-leg landing tasks. Both unplanned sidestepping and single-leg jump landing testing procedures are recommended for classifying an athlete's anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in sport.
非计划侧步和单腿落地都已被用于筛查运动员在运动中的受伤风险。本研究的目的是直接比较三种单腿落地任务和一种非计划侧步任务的下肢力学情况。13名精英女子团体运动运动员以随机平衡设计完成了一系列非接触式单腿下落着地、单腿反向运动跳跃、单腿跳跃着地和非计划侧步动作。利用三维运动学（250Hz）和地面反作用力（2000Hz）数据以及参与者特定的下肢骨骼模型，来计算和比较每个运动任务的负重接受阶段的髋、膝和踝关节运动学、峰值关节力矩、瞬时关节功率和关节功（α=0.05）。利用峰值膝关节力矩和相关损伤风险阈值来对每位运动员在非计划侧步和单腿跳跃着地时的前交叉韧带损伤风险进行分类。结果显示，与单腿下落着地和单腿反向运动跳跃任务相比，单腿跳跃着地任务期间的峰值关节力矩、功率和功更大。与落地任务相比，非计划侧步期间的额状面和矢状面峰值膝关节力矩、膝关节功率以及髋和膝关节功更大。与非计划侧步相比，落地任务期间的峰值踝关节力矩、功率和功更大。在接受测试的13名运动员中，有4名运动员的前交叉韧带损伤风险分类会因他们执行的是非计划侧步还是单腿跳跃着地测试程序而发生变化。总而言之，与单腿下落着地、单腿反向运动跳跃和非计划侧步相比，单腿跳跃着地测试程序对踝关节施加的机械负荷更大。与单腿落地任务相比，非计划侧步测试程序对膝关节施加的机械需求更大。建议同时采用非计划侧步和单腿跳跃着地测试程序来对运动员在运动中的前交叉韧带损伤风险进行分类。
