Cuevas-Esteban Jorge, Campayo Antonio, Gutiérrez-Galve Leticia, Gracia-García Patricia, López-Antón Raúl
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Unidad de Agudos, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, España.
Rev Neurol. 2011 Jan 1;52(1):27-36.
Neuroimaging of psychiatric disorders, especially on schizophrenia, has been increased in the last decade. Different brain imaging techniques have become a useful tool to discover the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
To describe scientific and historical background of neuroimaging in psychiatry, and to describe the current structural, functional and neurochemical findings in schizophrenia using brain imaging techniques, and their potential disadvantages.
This review synthesizes our current knowledge on the neurobiology of psychosis, reviewing studies including structural (magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging), functional (PET and SPECT, functional magnetic resonance imaging) and neurochemical/transmission (neurochemical PET and SPECT, magnetic resonance spectroscopy) neuroimaging techniques on schizophrenia.
Cognitive impairment, structural and functional disturbances, dopaminergic hypothesis, white matter changes, and any other findings, have been reported. Nevertheless, there are still many doubts and discrepancies to solve, regarding to neuroimaging in schizophrenia. Coupling multimodal imaging with genetics and pharmacotherapeutic studies will further assist in understanding the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
在过去十年中，精神疾病的神经影像学研究，尤其是精神分裂症的神经影像学研究有所增加。不同的脑成像技术已成为发现精神分裂症病理生理学的有用工具。
描述精神病学神经影像学的科学和历史背景，使用脑成像技术描述精神分裂症目前的结构、功能和神经化学研究结果及其潜在缺点。
本综述综合了我们目前关于精神病神经生物学的知识，回顾了包括结构（磁共振成像、扩散张量成像）、功能（正电子发射断层扫描和单光子发射计算机断层扫描、功能磁共振成像）和神经化学/传递（神经化学正电子发射断层扫描和单光子发射计算机断层扫描、磁共振波谱）神经成像技术在内的关于精神分裂症的研究。
已有关于认知障碍、结构和功能紊乱、多巴胺能假说、白质变化及其他研究结果的报道。然而，关于精神分裂症的神经影像学仍有许多疑问和差异有待解决。将多模态成像与遗传学和药物治疗研究相结合将进一步有助于理解精神分裂症的病理生理学。
