Mukaratirwa S, Khumalo M P
School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000 South Africa.
J S Afr Vet Assoc. 2010 Jun;81(2):97-101. doi: 10.4102/jsava.v81i2.113.
A total of 79 chickens were randomly collected from 4 rural localities and processed to detect the presence of helminth parasites and their prevalences. Sixteen helminth species comprising 12 nematode and 4 cestode species were recorded from the 4 localities. Syngamus trachea and Cyathostoma spp. were the only helminth species recovered from the respiratory tract and the rest of the helminth species were from the gastrointestinal tract. The most prevalent nematode species across the 4 localities were Heterakis gallinarum (prevalence range 80-94.4%), Gongylonema ingluvicola (43.3-867%), Tetrameres american (53.3-66.7%) and Ascaridia galli (22.2-43.8%) and for cestode species, Raillietina tetragona (16.7-40%) and Skrijabinia cesticillus (3.3-13.3%) were the most prevalent in that order. Heterakis gallinarum and T americana had the highest intensity of infection in chickens across all the rural areas compared with other helminth species. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) observed in the sex distribution for As. galli, Baruscapillaria obsignata (syn. Capillaria obsignata), Eucoleus annulatus (syn. Capillaria annulata), Eucoleus contortus (syn. Capillaria contorta) and Subulura suctoria among the 4 rural areas. However, a significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed in the intensity of infection of both males and females for H. gallinarum and T americana across the 4 localities studied. Tetrameres americana, A. galli, C. obsignata and C. annulata had prevalence and number of females higher than that of males, while H. gallinarum showed the opposite. Prevalence of H. gallinarum and T. americana as determined by faecal egg count were much lower compared with the prevalence as determined by post mortem examination, confirming the limitation of using faecal samples in determining the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites in chickens.
从4个乡村地区随机收集了79只鸡，对其进行处理以检测蠕虫寄生虫的存在及其感染率。在这4个地区记录了16种蠕虫，包括12种线虫和4种绦虫。气管比翼线虫和杯口线虫属是仅从呼吸道检出的蠕虫种类，其余蠕虫种类均来自胃肠道。4个地区最常见的线虫种类是鸡异刺线虫（感染率范围为80 - 94.4%）、嗉囊筒线虫（43.3 - 86.7%）、美洲四棱线虫（53.3 - 66.7%）和鸡蛔虫（22.2 - 43.8%）；对于绦虫种类，四角赖利绦虫（16.7 - 40%）和克氏斯基贾绦虫（3.3 - 13.3%）按此顺序最为常见。与其他蠕虫种类相比，鸡异刺线虫和美洲四棱线虫在所有农村地区的鸡中感染强度最高。在4个农村地区，鸡蛔虫、隐匿毛细线虫（同义名：毛细线虫）、环纹筒线虫（同义名：环纹毛细线虫）、捻转筒线虫（同义名：捻转毛细线虫）和吮吸饰带线虫的性别分布未观察到显著差异（P > 0.05）。然而，在所研究的4个地区，鸡异刺线虫和美洲四棱线虫在雄性和雌性中的感染强度均观察到显著差异（P < 0.05）。美洲四棱线虫、鸡蛔虫、隐匿毛细线虫和环纹筒线虫的感染率和雌性数量高于雄性，而鸡异刺线虫则相反。通过粪便虫卵计数确定的鸡异刺线虫和美洲四棱线虫的感染率远低于通过尸检确定的感染率，这证实了使用粪便样本确定鸡胃肠道蠕虫寄生虫感染率的局限性。
