Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.
J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2011 Jul;36(4):E5-29. doi: 10.1503/jpn.100054.
Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder that is characterized by positive and negative symptoms and cognitive impairments. The etiology of the disorder is complex, and it is thought to follow a multifactorial threshold model of inheritance with genetic and neurodevelop mental contributions to risk. Human studies are particularly useful in capturing the richness of the phenotype, but they are often limited to the use of correlational approaches. By assessing behavioural abnormalities in both humans and rodents, nonprimate animal models of schizophrenia provide unique insight into the etiology and mechanisms of the disorder. This review discusses the phenomenology and etiology of schizophrenia and the contribution of current nonprimate animal models with an emphasis on how research with models of neuro transmitter dysregulation, environmental risk factors, neurodevelopmental disruption and genetic risk factors can complement the literature on schizophrenia in humans.
精神分裂症是一种严重的精神疾病，其特征是阳性和阴性症状以及认知障碍。该疾病的病因复杂，被认为遵循多因素阈模型遗传，遗传和神经发育对风险有贡献。人类研究在捕捉表型的丰富性方面特别有用，但它们通常仅限于使用相关方法。通过评估人类和啮齿动物的行为异常，精神分裂症的非灵长类动物模型提供了对该疾病病因和机制的独特见解。本文讨论了精神分裂症的发病机制和发病机制，以及当前非灵长类动物模型的贡献，重点介绍了神经递质失调模型、环境风险因素、神经发育中断和遗传风险因素的研究如何补充人类精神分裂症文献。
