Institut Curie, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.
Nature. 2011 Jan 20;469(7330):343-9. doi: 10.1038/nature09784.
Polycomb group proteins maintain the gene-expression pattern of different cells that is set during early development by regulating chromatin structure. In mammals, two main Polycomb group complexes exist - Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and 2 (PRC2). PRC1 compacts chromatin and catalyses the monoubiquitylation of histone H2A. PRC2 also contributes to chromatin compaction, and catalyses the methylation of histone H3 at lysine 27. PRC2 is involved in various biological processes, including differentiation, maintaining cell identity and proliferation, and stem-cell plasticity. Recent studies of PRC2 have expanded our perspectives on its function and regulation, and uncovered a role for non-coding RNA in the recruitment of PRC2 to target genes.
多梳抑制复合物蛋白通过调节染色质结构来维持不同细胞在早期发育过程中形成的基因表达模式。在哺乳动物中，存在两种主要的多梳抑制复合物——多梳抑制复合物 1（PRC1）和 2（PRC2）。PRC1 使染色质浓缩，并催化组蛋白 H2A 的单泛素化。PRC2 也有助于染色质的浓缩，并催化组蛋白 H3 赖氨酸 27 的甲基化。PRC2 参与多种生物学过程，包括分化、维持细胞特性和增殖以及干细胞可塑性。最近对 PRC2 的研究扩展了我们对其功能和调节的认识，并揭示了非编码 RNA 在募集 PRC2 到靶基因中的作用。
