Speizer Frank E., Horton Susan, Batt Jane, Slutsky Arthur S.
Adult respiratory diseases in the developing world are a major burden in terms of morbidity and mortality and, particularly as related to chronic respiratory disease, are of increasing concern (Murray and Lopez 1996). For many years, the leading cause of adult respiratory disease mortality has been tuberculosis, which still kills far more people than it should, given the increased efficacy of treatment and preventive regimens (see chapter 16). However, the burden of other acute and chronic adult respiratory diseases, which is the focus of this chapter, has been rising throughout the world. These diseases fall into four categories: acute diseases, such as pneumonia and influenza; chronic diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma; occupational lung diseases, such as byssinosis, asbestosis, and coal worker's pneumoconiosis; and other parenchymal lung diseases, such as immune-related lung diseases. Lung cancer, tuberculosis, and AIDSrelated lung diseases are dealt with in chapters 29, 16, and 18, respectively.
在发展中世界，成人呼吸系统疾病在发病率和死亡率方面都是一项重大负担，尤其是与慢性呼吸系统疾病相关的负担，正日益受到关注（Murray和Lopez，1996年）。多年来，成人呼吸系统疾病死亡的主要原因一直是结核病，鉴于治疗和预防方案的疗效有所提高，结核病造成的死亡人数仍远超预期（见第16章）。然而，作为本章重点的其他急性和慢性成人呼吸系统疾病的负担在全球范围内一直在上升。这些疾病分为四类：急性疾病，如肺炎和流感；慢性疾病，如慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）和哮喘；职业性肺病，如棉尘肺、石棉肺和煤工尘肺；以及其他实质性肺病，如免疫相关的肺病。肺癌、结核病和艾滋病相关的肺病分别在第29章、第16章和第18章中论述。
