Ibarra-Sánchez Luis Ángel, Gámez-Méndez Ana, Martínez-Ruiz Manuel, Nájera-Martínez Erik Francisco, Morales-Flores Brando Alan, Melchor-Martínez Elda M, Sosa-Hernández Juan Eduardo, Parra-Saldívar Roberto, Iqbal Hafiz M N
Tecnológico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
Universidad de Monterrey, Department of Basic Sciences, Av. Ignacio Morones Prieto 4500 Pte., 66238, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, Mexico.
J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2022 Apr;70:103219. doi: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103219. Epub 2022 Mar 5.
Respiratory diseases are leading causes of death and disability in developing and developed countries. The burden of acute and chronic respiratory diseases has been rising throughout the world and represents a major problem in the public health system. Acute respiratory diseases include pneumonia, influenza, SARS-CoV-2 and MERS viral infections; while chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and, occupational lung diseases (asbestosis, pneumoconiosis) and other parenchymal lung diseases namely lung cancer and tuberculosis are examples of chronic respiratory diseases. Importantly, chronic respiratory diseases are not curable and treatments for acute pathologies are particularly challenging. For that reason, the integration of nanotechnology to existing drugs or for the development of new treatments potentially benefits the therapeutic goals by making drugs more effective and exhibit fewer undesirable side effects to treat these conditions. Moreover, the integration of different nanostructures enables improvement of drug bioavailability, transport and delivery compared to stand-alone drugs in traditional respiratory therapy. Notably, there has been great progress in translating nanotechnology-based cancer therapies and diagnostics into the clinic; however, researchers in recent years have focused on the application of nanostructures in other relevant pulmonary diseases as revealed in our database search. Furthermore, polymeric nanoparticles and micelles are the most studied nanostructures in a wide range of diseases; however, liposomal nanostructures are recognized to be some of the most successful commercial drug delivery systems. In conclusion, this review presents an overview of the recent and relevant research in drug delivery systems for the treatment of different pulmonary diseases and outlines the trends, limitations, importance and application of nanomedicine technology in treatment and diagnosis and future work in this field.
呼吸系统疾病是发展中国家和发达国家死亡和残疾的主要原因。急性和慢性呼吸系统疾病的负担在全球范围内一直在上升，是公共卫生系统中的一个重大问题。急性呼吸系统疾病包括肺炎、流感、SARS-CoV-2和中东呼吸综合征病毒感染；而慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）、哮喘、职业性肺病（石棉沉着病、尘肺病）以及其他实质性肺病，即肺癌和肺结核，都是慢性呼吸系统疾病的例子。重要的是，慢性呼吸系统疾病无法治愈，急性病症的治疗尤其具有挑战性。因此，将纳米技术与现有药物整合或开发新的治疗方法，有可能通过提高药物疗效和减少不良副作用来实现治疗目标，从而治疗这些疾病。此外，与传统呼吸治疗中的单一药物相比，不同纳米结构的整合能够提高药物的生物利用度、转运和递送。值得注意的是，基于纳米技术的癌症治疗和诊断方法在临床转化方面取得了巨大进展；然而，正如我们在数据库搜索中所揭示的，近年来研究人员一直专注于纳米结构在其他相关肺部疾病中的应用。此外，聚合物纳米颗粒和胶束是在广泛疾病中研究最多的纳米结构；然而，脂质体纳米结构被认为是一些最成功的商业药物递送系统。总之，本综述概述了用于治疗不同肺部疾病的药物递送系统的最新相关研究，并概述了纳米医学技术在治疗和诊断中的趋势、局限性、重要性和应用以及该领域未来的工作。
