Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Subiaco, Australia.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011 Apr;127(4):855-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.1084. Epub 2011 Jan 20.
When the allergen nomenclature system was adopted in 1986, allergens were identified by their behavior on electrophoresis and chromatography and by reactivity to shared antisera. Not only was this unsatisfactory for standardization, but the processes of allergic sensitization and immunotherapy could not be studied in the framework of antigen processing and B- and T-cell epitopes. Recombinant technologies developed in the 1980s for cloning cDNA from low-abundance mRNA permitted the cloning of allergens, beginning with the major house dust mite allergen Der p 1 and hornet allergen Dol m 5. After this, a wave of cloning with IgE immunoscreening resulted in the cloning of Der p 2, Der p 5, Bet v 1, Bet v 2, and Dac g 2 along with Fel d 1 cloned after amino acid sequencing. Recombinant allergens have now been used to define the important allergens for a wide range of allergies and to develop new types of immunotherapy, some of which have shown efficacy in human trials. The clonally pure allergens have been used to solve the tertiary structures of allergens and from this how allergens might activate innate immunity. Proprietary recombinant allergens are now being used in improved diagnostic tests.
当过敏原命名系统于 1986 年被采用时，过敏原是通过它们在电泳和层析中的行为以及对共同抗血清的反应性来识别的。这不仅不能满足标准化的要求，而且过敏致敏和免疫治疗的过程也不能在抗原处理和 B 细胞和 T 细胞表位的框架内进行研究。20 世纪 80 年代为从低丰度 mRNA 中克隆 cDNA 而开发的重组技术允许过敏原的克隆，从主要的屋尘螨过敏原 Der p 1 和大黄蜂过敏原 Dol m 5 开始。此后，一波使用 IgE 免疫筛选的克隆导致了 Der p 2、Der p 5、Bet v 1、Bet v 2 和 Dac g 2 的克隆，以及在氨基酸测序后克隆的 Fel d 1。重组过敏原现在已被用于定义广泛过敏的重要过敏原，并开发了新类型的免疫疗法，其中一些在人体试验中已显示出疗效。克隆纯过敏原已被用于解决过敏原的三级结构，从中了解过敏原如何激活先天免疫。现在正在使用专有的重组过敏原来改进诊断测试。
