Rahman Tamanna, Cushing Rachel A, Jackson Richard J
University of California at Los Angeles School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Mt Sinai J Med. 2011 Jan-Feb;78(1):49-57. doi: 10.1002/msj.20235.
As childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions, it is critical to devise interventions that target the root causes of obesity and its risk factors. The two main components of childhood obesity are physical inactivity and improper nutrition, and it is becoming increasingly evident that the built environment can determine the level of exposure to these risk factors. Through a multidisciplinary literature review, we investigated the association between various built environment attributes and childhood obesity. We found that neighborhood features such as walkability/bikeability, mixed land use, accessible destinations, and transit increase resident physical activity; also that access to high-caloric foods and convenience stores increases risk of overweight and obesity, whereas the presence of neighborhood supermarkets and farmers' markets is associated with lower childhood body mass index and overweight status. It is evident that a child's built environment impacts his access to nutritious foods and physical activity. In order for children, as well as adults, to prevent onset of overweight or obesity, they need safe places to be active and local markets that offer affordable, healthy food options. Interventions that are designed to provide safe, walkable neighborhoods with access to necessary destinations will be effective in combating the epidemic of obesity.
由于儿童肥胖已达到流行程度，设计针对肥胖根源及其风险因素的干预措施至关重要。儿童肥胖的两个主要因素是缺乏身体活动和营养不当，而且越来越明显的是，建成环境能够决定接触这些风险因素的程度。通过多学科文献综述，我们研究了各种建成环境属性与儿童肥胖之间的关联。我们发现，诸如步行/骑行便利性、土地混合利用、可达目的地和公共交通等邻里特征会增加居民的身体活动；还发现获得高热量食品和便利店会增加超重和肥胖风险，而邻里超市和农贸市场的存在与较低的儿童体重指数及超重状况相关。显然，儿童的建成环境会影响其获得营养食品和进行身体活动的机会。为了让儿童以及成年人预防超重或肥胖的发生，他们需要有安全的活动场所和提供价格合理、健康食品选择的当地市场。旨在提供安全、适宜步行且能到达必要目的地的邻里环境的干预措施，将有效对抗肥胖流行。
