Collins Samantha L, Caldwell Marc, Hecht Silke, Whitlock Brian K
Am J Vet Res. 2017 Feb;78(2):151-157. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.78.2.151.
OBJECTIVE To use MRI and CT to compare the amount of tissue damage (soft tissue and bone) to the heads of goats after administration of a nonpenetrating or penetrating captive bolt. ANIMALS Cadavers of twelve 1- to 5-year-old mixed-breed goats that had been euthanized with an overdose of pentobarbital as part of an unrelated study. PROCEDURES Cadavers were randomly assigned to receive a nonpenetrating (n = 6) or penetrating (6) captive bolt. The head of 1 cadaver was imaged via CT and MRI. The muzzle of a device designed to administer either a penetrating or nonpenetrating captive bolt was then placed flush on the dorsal midline of each head at the level of the external occipital protuberance (poll) and aimed downward toward the cranialmost portion of the intermandibular space, and the assigned bolt was administered. Heads were removed, and CT and MRI of each head were performed. After imaging, each skull was transected along the sagittal plane to permit gross evaluation of central nervous tissue and obtain digital photographic images. In addition, 1 head that received a nonpenetrating captive bolt was further evaluated via blunt dissection and removal of adnexa from the external surface of the calvarium. RESULTS MRI, CT, and dissection of skulls revealed severe skeletal and soft tissue damage after impact with the penetrating and nonpenetrating captive bolts. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The nonpenetrating captive bolt appeared to cause damage similar to that of the penetrating captive bolt in the cranium and soft tissues of the head in caprine cadavers. This damage suggested that administration of a nonpenetrating captive bolt as described here may be an acceptable method of euthanasia in goats.
目的 使用磁共振成像（MRI）和计算机断层扫描（CT）比较使用非穿透性或穿透性 captive bolt 对山羊头部造成的组织损伤量（软组织和骨骼）。动物 作为一项无关研究的一部分，12 只 1 至 5 岁的混种山羊尸体，已过量使用戊巴比妥安乐死。程序 将尸体随机分配接受非穿透性（n = 6）或穿透性（6）captive bolt。对 1 具尸体的头部进行 CT 和 MRI 成像。然后将设计用于施用穿透性或非穿透性 captive bolt 的装置枪口平放在每个头部枕外隆凸（头顶）水平的背侧中线，并向下朝向颌间隙的最颅部，施用指定的 bolt。取下头部，并对每个头部进行 CT 和 MRI 检查。成像后，沿矢状面横断每个颅骨，以便对中枢神经组织进行大体评估并获取数码照片图像。此外，对 1 个接受非穿透性 captive bolt 的头部通过钝性解剖并从颅盖外表面去除附件进行进一步评估。结果 MRI、CT 和颅骨解剖显示，使用穿透性和非穿透性 captive bolt 撞击后均有严重的骨骼和软组织损伤。结论及临床意义 在山羊尸体中，非穿透性 captive bolt 似乎在颅骨和头部软组织中造成了与穿透性 captive bolt 类似的损伤。这种损伤表明，此处所述的非穿透性 captive bolt 的施用可能是山羊安乐死的一种可接受方法。
