Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2011 Apr;39(3):403-11. doi: 10.3758/s13421-010-0038-z.
This study investigated the costs of directed forgetting within the framework of a search model. In such models, retrieval failure can occur at either the sampling or the recovery stage of recall. Multiple measures of performance were employed to answer two primary questions of interest: (1) Where does the locus of forgetting occur in the directed forgetting paradigm? and (2) What current theory of directed forgetting can best account for the pattern of data observed? Converging evidence from these measures suggested that the costs of directed forgetting are the result of sampling issues during retrieval. Further, these results were best explained by a contextual-change account that argues an instruction to forget creates a break in context causing individuals to sample more items at retrieval. It is argued that the retrieval deficits observed in list-method directed forgetting paradigms are due, in part, to the fact that individuals sample a greater number of items (that include both targets and intrusions) during retrieval in the forget-condition, thereby creating greater response competition compared with retrieval in the remember-condition.
本研究在搜索模型的框架内调查了定向遗忘的成本。在这种模型中，检索失败可能发生在回忆的采样或恢复阶段。采用多种性能衡量标准来回答两个主要的问题：（1）定向遗忘范式中遗忘的发生点在哪里？（2）哪种当前的定向遗忘理论最能解释观察到的数据模式？这些衡量标准的一致证据表明，定向遗忘的代价是检索过程中采样问题的结果。此外，这些结果最好由一个上下文变化的解释来解释，该解释认为，遗忘的指令会导致上下文中断，从而使个体在检索时更多地采样项目。有人认为，在列表方法定向遗忘范式中观察到的检索缺陷部分是由于在遗忘条件下检索时，个体采样的项目数量更多（包括目标和干扰项），从而与在记忆条件下检索相比，产生了更大的反应竞争。
