Department of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40204, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Mem Cognit. 2011 Jul;39(5):839-50. doi: 10.3758/s13421-010-0070-z.
A series of experiments explored habituation and dishabituation to repeated auditory distractors. Participants memorised lists of visually presented items in silence or while ignoring continuously presented auditory distractors. No habituation could be observed, in that the size of the auditory distractor effect did not decrease during the experiment. However, there was evidence for attentional orienting when novel auditory material was presented after a long period of repetitive stimulation, in that a change of distractors was associated with a temporary decrease in recall performance. The results are most consistent with theoretical accounts that claim that the auditory distractor effect is caused primarily by automatic interference, but that still allow attention to play a limited role in the short-term maintenance of information.
一系列实验探索了对重复听觉干扰的习惯化和去习惯化。参与者在安静或忽略持续呈现的听觉干扰的情况下，记忆视觉呈现的项目列表。在实验过程中，没有观察到习惯化，即听觉干扰效应的大小没有减小。然而，当在长时间重复刺激后呈现新的听觉材料时，存在注意定向的证据，因为干扰物的变化与回忆表现的暂时下降有关。这些结果与那些声称听觉干扰效应主要是由自动干扰引起的理论解释最为一致，但仍允许注意在信息的短期维持中发挥有限的作用。
