Unit of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou St., Zographou Campus, PC 157 73, Athens, Greece.
Bioresour Technol. 2011 Mar;102(6):4325-32. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.10.118. Epub 2010 Oct 31.
In this work the performance of a Membrane bioreactor (MBR) was assessed for the removal of 3-15 mg/l of copper, lead, nickel and zinc from wastewater. The average removal efficiencies accomplished by the MBR system were 80% for Cu(II), 98% for Pb(II), 50% for Ni(II) and 77% for Zn(II). The addition of 5 g/l vermiculite into the biological reactor enhanced metal removal to 88% for copper, 85% for zinc and 60% for nickel due to adsorption of metal ions on the mineral, while it reduced biomass inhibition and increased biomass growth. The metal ions remaining in soluble form penetrated into the permeate, while those attached to sludge flocs were effectively retained by the ultrafiltration membranes. The average heterotrophic biomass inhibition was 50%, while it reduced to 29% when lower metal concentrations were fed into the reactor in the presence of vermiculite. The respective autotrophic biomass inhibition was 70% and 36%. The presence of heavy metals and vermiculite in the mixed liquor adversely impacted on membrane fouling.
本工作评估了膜生物反应器（MBR）在去除废水中 3-15mg/L 的铜、铅、镍和锌方面的性能。MBR 系统的平均去除效率分别为 80%的 Cu(II)、98%的 Pb(II)、50%的 Ni(II)和 77%的 Zn(II)。向生物反应器中添加 5g/L 的蛭石可将铜的去除率提高到 88%，锌的去除率提高到 85%，镍的去除率提高到 60%，这是由于金属离子被矿物吸附。同时，它降低了生物量抑制作用并增加了生物量的生长。仍以溶解形式存在的金属离子穿透到渗透物中，而附着在污泥絮体上的金属离子则被超滤膜有效地截留。异养生物的平均生物量抑制率为 50%，而当在蛭石存在的情况下向反应器中添加较低浓度的金属时，该抑制率降低至 29%。相应的自养生物的抑制率为 70%和 36%。重金属和蛭石在混合液中的存在对膜污染有不利影响。
