Third Department of Surgery, Athens General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2011 Feb;10(1):10-20. doi: 10.1016/s1499-3872(11)60001-5.
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a lethal cancer of the biliary epithelium, originating from the liver (intrahepatic), at the confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts (hilar) or in the extrahepatic bile ducts. It is a rare malignancy associated with poor prognosis.
We searched the PubMed/MEDLINE database for relevant articles published from 1989 to 2008. The search terms used were related to "cholangiocarcinoma" and its "treatment". Although no language restrictions were imposed initially, for the full-text review and final analysis, our resources only permitted the review of articles published in English. This review deals with the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma, the principles and the current trends.
The risks and prognostic factors, symptoms and differential diagnosis are thoroughly discussed. In addition, the tools of preoperative diagnosis such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, digital image analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography are reviewed. Moreover, the treatment of CCA is discussed.
The only curative treatment available is surgical management. Unfortunately, many patients present with unresectable tumors, the majority of whom die within a year of diagnosis. Surgical treatment involves major resections of the liver, pancreas and bile duct, with considerable mortality and morbidity. However, in selected cases and where indicated, appropriate management with aggressive surgery may achieve a good outcome with a prolonged survival expectancy.
胆管癌（CCA）是一种致命的胆管上皮癌，起源于肝脏（肝内）、左右肝管汇合处（肝门）或肝外胆管。它是一种预后不良的罕见恶性肿瘤。
我们在 PubMed/MEDLINE 数据库中搜索了 1989 年至 2008 年发表的相关文章。使用的搜索词与“胆管癌”及其“治疗”有关。尽管最初没有施加语言限制，但为了全文审查和最终分析，我们的资源只允许审查以英语发表的文章。本综述涉及胆管癌的治疗、原则和当前趋势。
彻底讨论了风险和预后因素、症状和鉴别诊断。此外，还回顾了术前诊断的工具，如内镜逆行胰胆管造影术、数字图像分析、荧光原位杂交和磁共振胰胆管造影术。此外，还讨论了 CCA 的治疗方法。
唯一可行的治愈方法是手术治疗。不幸的是，许多患者出现不可切除的肿瘤，其中大多数在诊断后一年内死亡。手术治疗涉及肝脏、胰腺和胆管的大切除，死亡率和发病率都很高。然而，在某些选定的情况下，积极的手术治疗可能会取得良好的效果，并延长预期的生存时间。
