寄生虫病与城市发展
Parasitic diseases and urban development.
作者信息
Mott K E, Desjeux P, Moncayo A, Ranque P, de Raadt P
机构信息
Division of Control of Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
出版信息
Bull World Health Organ. 1990;68(6):691-8.
The distribution and epidemiology of parasitic diseases in both urban and periurban areas of endemic countries have been changing as development progresses. The following different scenarios involving Chagas disease, lymphatic filariasis, leishmaniasis and schistosomiasis are discussed: (1) infected persons entering nonendemic urban areas without vectors; (2) infected persons entering nonendemic urban areas with vectors; (3) infected persons entering endemic urban areas; (4) non-infected persons entering endemic urban areas; (5) urbanization or domestication of natural zoonotic foci; and (6) vectors entering nonendemic urban areas. Cultural and social habits from the rural areas, such as type of house construction and domestic water usage, are adopted by migrants to urban areas and increase the risk of disease transmission which adversely affects employment in urban populations. As the urban health services must deal with the rise in parasitic diseases, appropriate control strategies for the urban setting must be developed and implemented.
随着发展的推进，流行国家城市和城市周边地区寄生虫病的分布及流行病学情况一直在发生变化。本文讨论了涉及恰加斯病、淋巴丝虫病、利什曼病和血吸虫病的以下不同情况：（1）感染者进入无病媒的非流行城市地区；（2）感染者进入有病媒的非流行城市地区；（3）感染者进入流行城市地区；（4）未感染者进入流行城市地区；（5）自然动物疫源地的城市化或驯化；以及（6）病媒进入非流行城市地区。农村地区的文化和社会习惯，如房屋建造类型和家庭用水方式，被城市移民所采用，增加了疾病传播风险，对城市人口的就业产生不利影响。由于城市卫生服务必须应对寄生虫病的增加，因此必须制定并实施适合城市环境的控制策略。
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