Epidemiology & Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Singapore.
Ann Acad Med Singap. 2010 Dec;39(12):889-8.
We studied the epidemiological trends of enteric fevers (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) in Singapore from 1990 to 2009 and carried out a review of the current prevention and control measures.
Epidemiological records of all reported enteric fevers maintained by the Communicable Diseases Division, Ministry of Health from 1990 to 2009 were analysed.
A total of 2464 laboratory confirmed cases of enteric fevers (1699 cases of typhoid and 765 cases of paratyphoid) were reported. Of these, 75% were imported, mainly from India and Indonesia. There had been a significant fall in the mean annual incidence rate of indigenous enteric fevers from 4.3 per 100,000 population in 1990 to 0.26 per 100,000 population in 2009 (P <0.005) with a corresponding increase in the proportion of imported cases from 71% between 1990 and 1993 to 92% between 2006 and 2009 (P <0.0005). Imported cases involving foreign contract workers increased significantly from 12.8% between 1990 and 1993 to 40.4% between 2006 and 2009 (P <0.0005).
Singapore has experienced a marked decline in the incidence of enteric fevers that is now comparable to that of other developed countries. Continued vigilance and proactive measures that address the changing epidemiology of enteric fevers in Singapore are necessary to sustain the milestone achieved in the past 2 decades.
我们研究了 1990 年至 2009 年新加坡肠热病（伤寒和副伤寒）的流行病学趋势，并对当前的预防和控制措施进行了回顾。
分析了卫生部传染病司 1990 年至 2009 年所有报告的肠热病（伤寒 1699 例，副伤寒 765 例）的流行病学记录。
共报告了 2464 例实验室确诊的肠热病（1699 例伤寒，765 例副伤寒）病例。其中 75%为输入性病例，主要来自印度和印度尼西亚。本地肠热病的年平均发病率从 1990 年的每 10 万人 4.3 例显著下降到 2009 年的每 10 万人 0.26 例（P <0.005），同期输入性病例的比例从 1990 年至 1993 年的 71%增加到 2006 年至 2009 年的 92%（P <0.0005）。外国合同工的输入性病例显著增加，从 1990 年至 1993 年的 12.8%增加到 2006 年至 2009 年的 40.4%（P <0.0005）。
新加坡肠热病的发病率显著下降，现已与其他发达国家相当。为了维持过去 20 年取得的里程碑，需要保持警惕并采取积极措施应对新加坡肠热病的流行病学变化。
