Imhof Lorenz, Naef Rahel, Mahrer-Imhof Romy, Petry Heidi
Forschung und Entwicklung, Institut für Pflege, Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften, Winterthur.
Pflege. 2011 Feb;24(1):43-56. doi: 10.1024/1012-5302/a000090.
Current demographic developments and the high prevalence of chronic conditions require new approaches to nursing care of the elderly population in Switzerland. New care models need to be developed that go beyond traditional nursing practice with its focus on the individual. Existing preventive home visit and case management programmes have mostly focussed on the young old with the goal to maintain functional health and prevent institutionalisation. Families, who play a crucial role in the care of the elderly at home, were not included. The purpose of this article is to describe the development of the SpitexPlus Project, which is directed at people 80 years and older and their families, irrespective of their health status and social situation. It aims to improve self-care capabilities and quality of life in people 80+ and their families and to enable them to manage the challenges of daily life at home. Evidence based nursing interventions, based on the principles of health promotion, empowerment, family centeredness, and partnership were developed. The development of the programme phases, interventions, and the role of the advanced practice nurses are described in detail. Potential benefits for nursing practice are delineated.
当前的人口发展趋势以及慢性病的高患病率要求瑞士在老年人护理方面采用新方法。需要开发超越传统护理实践（其侧重于个体）的新护理模式。现有的预防性家访和病例管理计划大多侧重于年轻老年人，目标是维持功能健康并防止入住机构。在家中照顾老年人方面发挥关键作用的家庭并未被纳入其中。本文的目的是描述SpitexPlus项目的发展情况，该项目针对80岁及以上的人群及其家庭，无论其健康状况和社会状况如何。其旨在提高80岁以上人群及其家庭的自我护理能力和生活质量，并使他们能够应对在家中日常生活的挑战。基于健康促进、赋权、以家庭为中心和伙伴关系原则的循证护理干预措施得以开发。详细描述了项目阶段、干预措施的发展以及高级实践护士的作用。阐述了对护理实践的潜在益处。
