Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) causing an infected thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm.

We report a patient, which we believe is the first, with a thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm, Crawford type IV, caused by Q fever (Coxiella burnetii). Treatment consisted of antibiotic therapy started preoperatively and continued postoperatively and an open repair, including resection of the infected aneurysm, replacement with a rifampin-soaked polyester graft, and an omental wrap covering the grafts. After 13 months of follow-up, the patient had no signs of infection, and results of laboratory findings were normal.