Department of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, Canada V1V 1V7.
J Neurosci Methods. 2011 Mar 30;196(2):221-37. doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.01.011. Epub 2011 Jan 27.
There is considerable utility in the use of transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) to assess cerebrovascular function. The brain is unique in its high energy and oxygen demand but limited capacity for energy storage that necessitates an effective means of regional blood delivery. The relative low cost, ease-of-use, non-invasiveness, and excellent temporal resolution of TCD make it an ideal tool for the examination of cerebrovascular function in both research and clinical settings. TCD is an efficient tool to access blood velocities within the cerebral vessels, cerebral autoregulation, cerebrovascular reactivity to CO(2), and neurovascular coupling, in both physiological states and in pathological conditions such as stroke and head trauma. In this review, we provide: (1) an overview of TCD methodology with respect to other techniques; (2) a methodological synopsis of the cerebrovascular exam using TCD; (3) an overview of the physiological mechanisms involved in regulation of the cerebral blood flow; (4) the utility of TCD for assessment of cerebrovascular pathology; and (5) recommendations for the assessment of four critical and complimentary aspects of cerebrovascular function: intra-cranial blood flow velocity, cerebral autoregulation, cerebral reactivity, and neurovascular coupling. The integration of these regulatory mechanisms from an integrated systems perspective is discussed, and future research directions are explored.
经颅多普勒超声（TCD）在评估脑血管功能方面具有重要作用。大脑的能量和氧气需求很高，但储能能力有限，这就需要一种有效的区域血液输送方式。TCD 具有相对较低的成本、易于使用、非侵入性和出色的时间分辨率，使其成为研究和临床环境中评估脑血管功能的理想工具。TCD 可用于评估大脑血管中的血流速度、脑自动调节、CO₂ 脑血管反应性和神经血管耦联，无论是在生理状态下还是在中风和头部创伤等病理情况下。在这篇综述中，我们提供了：（1）TCD 方法与其他技术的概述；（2）使用 TCD 进行脑血管检查的方法概述；（3）参与调节脑血流的生理机制概述；（4）TCD 在评估脑血管病中的应用；以及（5）评估脑血管功能四个关键且互补方面的建议：颅内血流速度、脑自动调节、脑反应性和神经血管耦联。从综合系统的角度讨论了这些调节机制的整合，并探讨了未来的研究方向。
