Allergy Research Foundation, Breda, The Netherlands.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2011 Feb;106(2):119-30. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2010.11.002.
Patients with bronchial asthma develop various types of asthmatic response to bronchial challenge with allergen, such as immediate asthmatic response, late asthmatic response, or delayed asthmatic response (DYAR), due to different immunologic mechanisms.
To investigate the appearance and possible changes in the concentrations of soluble cell adhesion molecules during the DYAR, to explore the involvement of particular cell types in the mechanism(s) leading to DYAR, and to contribute to a fuller understanding of this clinical phenomenon.
The DYAR recorded in 28 patients (P < .001), appearing within 26 to 32 hours, reaching maximum within 32 to 48 hours, and resolving within 56 hours after the allergen challenge, was repeated 2 to 6 weeks later. The repeated DYAR (P < .001) was supplemented with blood cell counts and measurement of serum concentrations of soluble adhesion molecules by an enzyme-linked immunoassay.
The prechallenge concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1), soluble platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (sPECAM-1), soluble E-selectin, soluble L-selectin, soluble P-selectin, and soluble E-cadherin did not differ significantly from healthy controls. The DYAR was associated with the following changes in the serum: an increase of sICAM-1 at 6 and 12 hours and a decrease at 24 hours; an increase of sVCAM-1 at 24 and 36 hours; an increase of sPECAM-1 at 36 and 48 hours and a decrease at 56 and 72 hours; an increase of soluble E-selectin at 56 hours; an increase of soluble L-selectin at 56 and 72 hours; a decrease of soluble E-cadherin at 48 and 56 hours; and increased counts of blood leukocytes at 36, 48, and 56 hours, neutrophils at 24, 36, 48, and 56 hours, lymphocytes at 24, 36, and 48 hours, and monocytes at 6, 12, and 24 hours. The Th1/Th2 ratio in blood increased at 24, 36, 48, and 56 hours. The intracellular concentration of interferon γ, but not of interleukin 4, increased at 24, 36, 48, and 56 hours.
These results provide evidence of the involvement of neutrophils, Th1 lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets, and endothelial cells, upon participation of various adhesion molecules, in mechanisms(s) underlying the clinical DYAR.
由于不同的免疫机制，支气管哮喘患者在接触变应原后会产生各种类型的哮喘反应，如即刻哮喘反应、迟发哮喘反应或延迟性哮喘反应（DYAR）。
研究 DYAR 过程中可溶性细胞黏附分子的出现和可能的变化，探讨特定细胞类型在导致 DYAR 的机制中的参与，并有助于更全面地了解这一临床现象。
28 例患者（P<0.001）出现的 DYAR 在接触变应原后 26 至 32 小时记录，在 32 至 48 小时达到最大值，在 56 小时后缓解，2 至 6 周后重复。重复的 DYAR（P<0.001）与血细胞计数相结合，并通过酶联免疫吸附试验测量血清中可溶性黏附分子的浓度。
在挑战前，可溶性细胞间黏附分子 1（sICAM-1）、可溶性血管细胞黏附分子 1（sVCAM-1）、可溶性血小板内皮细胞黏附分子（sPECAM-1）、可溶性 E-选择素、可溶性 L-选择素、可溶性 P-选择素和可溶性 E-钙黏蛋白的浓度与健康对照组无显著差异。DYAR 与血清中的以下变化有关：sICAM-1 在 6 小时和 12 小时增加，24 小时减少；sVCAM-1 在 24 小时和 36 小时增加；sPECAM-1 在 36 小时和 48 小时增加，在 56 小时和 72 小时减少；可溶性 E-选择素在 56 小时增加；可溶性 L-选择素在 56 小时和 72 小时增加；可溶性 E-钙黏蛋白在 48 小时和 56 小时减少；白细胞计数在 36、48 和 56 小时增加，中性粒细胞在 24、36、48 和 56 小时增加，淋巴细胞在 24、36 和 48 小时增加，单核细胞在 6、12 和 24 小时增加。血液中的 Th1/Th2 比值在 24、36、48 和 56 小时增加。白细胞介素 4 浓度无变化，但干扰素 γ 的细胞内浓度在 24、36、48 和 56 小时增加。
这些结果提供了证据，证明在各种黏附分子的参与下，中性粒细胞、Th1 淋巴细胞、单核细胞、血小板和内皮细胞参与了导致 DYAR 的机制。
