Aspegren K
Med Teach. 1999;21(6):563-70. doi: 10.1080/01421599978979.
A literature search for articles concerning communication skills teaching and learning in medicine was done.The search yielded 180 pertinent articles, which were quality graded into the three categories of high, medium and low quality, using established criteria. Only those of high and medium quality were used for the review, which thus is based on 31 randomized studies, 38 open effect studies and 14 descriptive studies. Communication skills can be taught in courses, are learnt, but are easily forgotten if not maintained by practice.The most effective point in time to learn these at medical school is probably during the clinical clerkships, but there is no study that has specifically addressed this question.After a short period of training, doctors can be effective as teachers.The teaching method should be experiential as it has been shown conclusively that instructional methods do not give the desired results.The contents of communication skills courses should primarily be problem defining.All students should have communication skills training since those with the lowest pre-course scores gain the most from such courses. Men are slower learners of communication skills than women, which should be taken into account by course organizers. As there is only one really long-term follow up into the residency phase of communication skills training at medical school, those who have done randomized studies in the field should if possible carry out further follow-up studies.
我们对有关医学领域沟通技能教学与学习的文章进行了文献检索。检索得到180篇相关文章，按照既定标准将其质量分为高、中、低三个等级。只有高质量和中等质量的文章用于本次综述，因此该综述基于31项随机研究、38项开放效应研究和14项描述性研究。沟通技能可以在课程中教授，也能够学会，但如果不通过实践加以巩固，很容易遗忘。在医学院校学习这些技能的最有效时机可能是在临床实习期间，但尚无研究专门探讨过这个问题。经过短期培训，医生可以成为有效的教师。教学方法应该是体验式的，因为已经确凿表明，讲授式方法无法取得理想效果。沟通技能课程的内容应以问题界定为主。所有学生都应接受沟通技能培训，因为课程前得分最低的学生从这类课程中收获最大。男性学习沟通技能比女性慢，课程组织者应考虑到这一点。由于医学院校沟通技能培训进入住院医师阶段的长期随访研究只有一项，该领域进行过随机研究的人员如有可能应开展进一步的随访研究。
