Molecular Internal Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2011 Sep;203(1):259-69. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2010.02237.x. Epub 2011 Feb 1.
Obesity increases the risk of coronary artery disease through insulin resistance, diabetes, arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia. The prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide and is particularly high among middle-aged women and men. After menopause, women are at an increased risk to develop visceral obesity due to the loss of endogenous ovarian hormone production. Effects of oestrogens are classically mediated by the two nuclear oestrogen receptors (ERs) α and β. In addition, more recent research has shown that the intracellular transmembrane G-protein-coupled oestrogen receptor (GPER) originally designated as GPR30 also mediates some of the actions attributed to oestrogens. Oestrogen and its receptors are important regulators of body weight and insulin sensitivity not only in women but also in men as demonstrated by ER mutations in rodents and humans. This article reviews the role of sex hormones and ERs in the context of obesity, insulin sensitivity and diabetes as well as the related clinical issues in women and men.
肥胖通过胰岛素抵抗、糖尿病、动脉高血压和血脂异常增加患冠状动脉疾病的风险。肥胖症在全球范围内的患病率不断上升，尤其是在中年女性和男性中更为普遍。绝经后，由于内源性卵巢激素产生的丧失，女性发生内脏肥胖的风险增加。雌激素的作用主要通过两种核雌激素受体（ERs）α和β来介导。此外，最近的研究表明，细胞内跨膜 G 蛋白偶联雌激素受体（GPER）最初被指定为 GPR30，也介导了一些归因于雌激素的作用。雌激素及其受体是调节体重和胰岛素敏感性的重要因素，不仅在女性中如此，在男性中也是如此，这一点在啮齿动物和人类的 ER 突变中得到了证实。本文综述了性激素和 ERs 在肥胖、胰岛素敏感性和糖尿病中的作用，以及女性和男性相关的临床问题。
