Psychopharmacology of pediatric bipolar disorders in children and adolescents.

Pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) is a chronic and disabling illness often leading to serious disruption in the lives of children and adolescents with this condition. Until recently, methodologically stringent data to guide pharmacologic interventions in the youth were scarce. However, clinical trials conducted recently have expanded the existing evidence base, and new data are emerging rapidly. Recent studies have examined the use of lithium, anticonvulsants, and atypical antipsychotics for acute and long-term treatment of PBD. Despite these new advances, further placebo-controlled trials investigating the efficacy and safety of pharmacologic treatment strategies for young people with bipolar disorder are still needed.