Farm Animal and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Narrellan 2567, NSW, Australia.
Immunobiology. 2011 Jul;216(7):840-6. doi: 10.1016/j.imbio.2010.12.004. Epub 2010 Dec 22.
The immune response of ruminants to Johne's disease has been long associated with a cell mediated immune (CMI) response in the early stages of infection with a switch to an antibody response later as the disease manifests. This study examines the immune response in sheep to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) infections, specifically the antigen-specific interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and antibody responses as surrogates of T helper-1 (Th1) and Th2 immunity. The difference in IFN-γ production between paucibacillary and multibacillary diseased animals was also examined. The results show that sheep are more likely to have a combined antibody and IFN-γ response (seen in 50% of the animals) rather than a switch from an IFN-γ to antibody response (39%). Multibacillary diseased animals were found to have a decrease in functional ability to produce IFN-γ from cells stimulated with MAP-specific antigens and non-specific mitogens. This indicates that the immune responses to Map infections are more complex than thought, where both antibody and cellular immunity may play key roles in the early stages of disease manifestation or resistance. The loss of the cellular response in multibacillary animals may be an indication that the entire immune response is dysfunctional, with the cell mediated responses becoming affected first.
反刍动物对约翰氏病的免疫反应长期以来与感染早期的细胞介导免疫（CMI）反应相关，随着疾病的表现，随后会转变为抗体反应。本研究检查了绵羊对禽分枝杆菌亚种副结核分枝杆菌（Map）感染的免疫反应，特别是作为辅助性 T 细胞-1（Th1）和 Th2 免疫替代物的抗原特异性干扰素γ（IFN-γ）和抗体反应。还检查了少菌型和多菌型患病动物之间 IFN-γ产生的差异。结果表明，绵羊更有可能产生结合的抗体和 IFN-γ反应（在 50%的动物中可见），而不是从 IFN-γ向抗体反应的转变（39%）。发现多菌型患病动物对 MAP 特异性抗原和非特异性有丝分裂原刺激的细胞产生 IFN-γ的功能能力下降。这表明对 Map 感染的免疫反应比想象的更复杂，抗体和细胞免疫都可能在疾病表现或抵抗的早期阶段发挥关键作用。多菌型动物中细胞反应的丧失可能表明整个免疫反应功能失调，首先受到影响的是细胞介导的反应。
