Can Fam Physician. 1983 Apr;29:717-20.
A survey of 625 elementary school children in an urban area for substance use, specifically, cigarets, alcohol and drugs, and the social factors associated with such use, revealed 38 admitted smokers in this age range, strongly influenced by parents, siblings and peers who smoked. Cigaret use was also associated with drug and alcohol use. These findings corroborate those from studies of teenagers who smoke, showing that peer pressure is not the sole factor in starting to smoke, as several other studies have claimed. In elementary school children, smoking is rare enough to be considered an early indicator of social deviation.
对城市地区 625 名小学生进行的一项关于物质使用的调查，特别是香烟、酒精和毒品，以及与这种使用相关的社会因素，发现这个年龄段有 38 名承认吸烟的人，他们受到父母、兄弟姐妹和吸烟同伴的强烈影响。吸烟也与吸毒和酗酒有关。这些发现与那些研究青少年吸烟的研究结果相符，表明同伴压力并不是开始吸烟的唯一因素，正如其他一些研究声称的那样。在小学生中，吸烟现象罕见到足以被视为社会偏差的早期指标。
