School of Forest Resources and Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.
J Fish Biol. 2011 Feb;78(2):593-601. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02880.x.
Two temperament traits, tendency to explore and activity level, were measured in a tropical poeciliid fish, the Panamanian bishop Brachyrhaphis episcopi. Open-field arena tests were used to quantify how predation pressure shapes activity levels and exploratory behaviours. Fish behaviour differed between high and low-predation populations. Fish that experienced higher levels of predation were both more explorative and more active. There were also some individual differences within populations; fish varied in their levels of exploration and activity in a novel open arena, but these differences were not related to sex or size. Together with previous studies on this species, these results indicate that there is a behavioural syndrome associated with predation pressure. Fish from high-predation populations are bolder, more explorative and more active than those from low-predation populations.
两个气质特征，即探索倾向和活动水平，在热带脂鲤科鱼类巴拿马主教鱼 Brachyrhaphis episcopi 中进行了测量。使用开放式竞技场测试来量化捕食压力如何塑造活动水平和探索行为。鱼的行为在高捕食压力和低捕食压力的种群之间存在差异。经历更高捕食压力的鱼类既更具探索性，也更活跃。种群内也存在一些个体差异；在新的开放式竞技场中，鱼在探索和活动方面存在差异，但这些差异与性别或大小无关。结合该物种的先前研究，这些结果表明存在与捕食压力相关的行为综合征。来自高捕食压力种群的鱼比来自低捕食压力种群的鱼更大胆、更具探索性和更活跃。
