Epidemiological Monitoring Center on Addiction, DSM-DP, Ospedale Maggiore C.A. Pizzardi, Ausl Bologna, Italy.
Eur J Emerg Med. 2011 Aug;18(4):208-14. doi: 10.1097/MEJ.0b013e3283440f25.
The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the spectrum of medical and trauma complications associated with self-reported cocaine use.
Patient databases of 23 emergency departments were searched for consultations related to cocaine use between January 2007 and December 2008.
The population included 569 men (84.4%) and 105 women (15.6%): 505 (74.9%) patients were nondependent cocaine users and 169 (25.1%) were dependent cocaine users. The majority of patients (63.8%) used other drugs in combination with cocaine. Psychiatric symptoms were most frequently reported (60.9%), followed by cardiopulmonary (38.2%), gastrointestinal (22.5%), neurological (20.8%) and constitutional (17.2%) symptoms. Of psychiatric complaints, anxiety was the most common (31.5%). Sex-adjusted and age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) showed that palpitations were associated within 12 h of cocaine use [OR 2.05; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12-3.76], and psychotic symptoms (OR 3.05; 95% CI: 1.02-9.18) and hallucinations (OR 7.50; 95% CI: 1.12-50.31) were associated within more than 12 h of the use of cocaine. In a comparison of dependent and nondependent cocaine users, after adjusting for age and sex, cardiopulmonary symptoms (OR 1.56; 95% CI: 1.08-2.24) and paranoia (OR 2.14; 95% CI: 1.08-4.24) were associated with nondependent use of cocaine, and lethargy (OR 7.14; 95% CI: 1.55-35.56) was associated with dependent use of cocaine. The primary cause of trauma was unintentional injuries (32.4%). Sex-adjusted and age-adjusted OR showed a major risk for unintentional injuries with nondependent use of cocaine (OR 6.17; 95% CI: 1.38-42.29).
The study shows that cocaine users experience diverse symptoms and may present with a wide range of physical findings.
本回顾性研究旨在描述与自我报告的可卡因使用相关的医学和创伤并发症谱。
检索了 2007 年 1 月至 2008 年 12 月 23 个急诊部门的患者数据库，以查找与可卡因使用相关的咨询信息。
人群包括 569 名男性（84.4%）和 105 名女性（15.6%）：505 名（74.9%）患者为非依赖性可卡因使用者，169 名（25.1%）为依赖性可卡因使用者。大多数患者（63.8%）与可卡因合用其他药物。最常报告的是精神症状（60.9%），其次是心肺（38.2%）、胃肠道（22.5%）、神经（20.8%）和全身（17.2%）症状。精神科投诉中，焦虑最为常见（31.5%）。性别调整和年龄调整的比值比（OR）显示，可卡因使用后 12 小时内出现心悸[OR 2.05；95%置信区间（CI）：1.12-3.76]，使用可卡因 12 小时以上出现精神病症状（OR 3.05；95% CI：1.02-9.18）和幻觉（OR 7.50；95% CI：1.12-50.31）。在依赖性和非依赖性可卡因使用者之间的比较中，在调整年龄和性别后，心肺症状（OR 1.56；95% CI：1.08-2.24）和偏执（OR 2.14；95% CI：1.08-4.24）与非依赖性可卡因使用相关，而昏睡（OR 7.14；95% CI：1.55-35.56）与依赖性可卡因使用相关。创伤的主要原因是意外伤害（32.4%）。性别调整和年龄调整的 OR 显示，非依赖性使用可卡因存在意外伤害的主要风险（OR 6.17；95% CI：1.38-42.29）。
研究表明，可卡因使用者会出现多种症状，并可能出现多种身体发现。
