Can Fam Physician. 1982 Feb;28:278-82.
Tourette syndrome (Gilles de la Tourette disease) is a disorder of involuntary muscular tics, vocalizations and compulsive behavior. The tics and muscle movements vary in form and course; the complex repetitive patterns are eventually replaced by other patterns. The vocalization may be in the form of sounds, words or profanities and sometimes echolalia, echopraxia and palilalia. The onset may be from age two to 15 but is usually between ages eight and 12. Recent studies suggest that there is a hypersensitivity of dopamine receptors. Most patients respond well to haloperidol, but other drugs that may be of value include clonidine, pimozide, fluphenazine and trifluoroperazine.
妥瑞氏症候群（盖勒氏症）是一种不随意的肌肉抽搐、发声和强迫行为的疾病。抽搐和肌肉运动的形式和过程各不相同；复杂的重复模式最终会被其他模式所取代。发声可能是声音、单词或脏话，有时还会出现模仿言语、模仿动作和言语重复。发病年龄从两岁到十五岁不等，但通常在八到十二岁之间。最近的研究表明，多巴胺受体存在超敏反应。大多数患者对氟哌啶醇反应良好，但其他可能有价值的药物包括可乐定、匹莫齐特、氟奋乃静和三氟拉嗪。
