Can Fam Physician. 1982 Mar;28:481-5.
The National Breast Screening Study was designed to show whether screening with mammography and physical examination of the breasts reduces mortality from breast cancer in volunteers aged 40-49 and to determine the incremental effect of mammography over and above any effect of physical examination in women aged 50-59.In spite of the high incidence of breast cancer in these two age groups, both physicians and the public have shown reluctance to support the trial. This reluctance appears to be based on lack of understanding of the nature of screening tests and on concern about the hazards of radiation. The design and justification for the study is discussed and placed in the context of the principles of screening. The risks of radiation are minimal; in the study the cumulative exposure will be less than one RAD after five annual mammograms, and new evidence shows that women in their forties are not as susceptible to risks from radiation to the breasts.
全国乳房筛查研究旨在表明，对 40-49 岁志愿者进行乳房 X 光筛查和体格检查是否能降低乳腺癌死亡率，并确定乳房 X 光检查对 50-59 岁女性的额外效果是否超过体格检查的效果。尽管这两个年龄段的乳腺癌发病率都很高，但医生和公众都不愿意支持这项试验。这种不情愿似乎是基于对筛查测试性质的缺乏理解以及对辐射危害的担忧。该研究的设计和理由进行了讨论，并置于筛查原则的背景下。辐射的风险极小；在该研究中，五次年度乳房 X 光检查后，累积暴露量将低于 1 拉德，新证据表明，四十多岁的女性对乳房辐射的风险没有那么敏感。
