Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 29208, Columbia, South Carolina.
Mem Cognit. 1976 Jan;4(1):36-42. doi: 10.3758/BF03213252.
The effects of spatial manipulation on eye movement when subjects either read or searched through paragraphs were examined. Adults, third, and fifth graders were presented with paragraphs which were typed normally or in alternating case (upper and lower). The spacing between the words was either normal, filled, or absent. The results show that approximately twice as many character spaces are processed during search as during reading. Subjects made more fixations of shorter duration during search than reading. The data indicated that the ability to vary the size of the perceptual unit develops with experience. When spatial cues were unavailable, all subjects resorted to a letter-by-letter-like processing strategy in reading but not in search. Although reading and search were found to be sensitive to the same types of spatial manipulations, discrepancies of span and speed suggest qualitative differences; comprehension demands during reading can account for these differences. The data were interpreted to provide support for the two-stage model of Hochberg (1970).
研究了在阅读或浏览段落时空间操作对眼球运动的影响。向成年人、三年级和五年级学生呈现了正常或交替大小写（大写和小写）输入的段落。单词之间的间距为正常、填充或缺失。结果表明，搜索时处理的字符空间大约是阅读时的两倍。与阅读相比，搜索时的注视持续时间更短。数据表明，随着经验的增加，调整感知单元大小的能力也会发展。当空间线索不可用时，所有受试者在阅读时都采用了逐字处理策略，但在搜索时没有采用。尽管阅读和搜索都对相同类型的空间操作敏感，但跨度和速度的差异表明存在质的差异；阅读时的理解要求可以解释这些差异。这些数据解释为 Hochberg（1970）的两阶段模型提供了支持。
