Motor Behavior Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, 2000 Observatory Drive, 53706, Madison, Wisconsin.
Mem Cognit. 1976 Jan;4(1):62-6. doi: 10.3758/BF03213256.
Two experiments were performed comparing preselected (subject defined) and constrained (experimenter defined) movements. In the first experiment, subjects made reproduction responses immediately or under unfilled and filled 15-sec retention intervals. Results indicated that recall of preselected movements was clearly superior until the interpolation of information processing activity. In addition, preselected movements demonstrated no forgetting over a 15-sec retention interval while constrained movements evidenced spontaneous memory lass, suggesting that preselected movements possess a stronger representation in memory. The second experiment examined this interpretation in a response biasing paradigm. Subjects made criterion responses under preselected or constrained conditions, while the interpolated movement was always in the constrained mode and ± 40 deg from the criterion. The subjects' task was to attend to both movements and recall each when instructed. While preselected recall was clearly superior' to constrained recall, response biasing was clearly evident in both. The failure to find differential biasing effects was discussed in terms of the relative trace strength hypothesis (Stelmach & Welsh, 1972).
进行了两项实验，比较了预选（由主体定义）和约束（由实验者定义）运动。在第一个实验中，主体立即做出再现反应，或者在未填充和填充 15 秒的保持间隔下做出反应。结果表明，直到信息处理活动的插值，预选运动的回忆明显更好。此外，预选运动在 15 秒的保持间隔内没有遗忘，而约束运动则表现出自发的记忆丧失，这表明预选运动在记忆中具有更强的表现。第二个实验在反应偏向范式中检验了这一解释。主体在预选或约束条件下做出标准反应，而插值运动始终处于约束模式，并且与标准相差±40 度。主体的任务是同时注意两个运动，并在指令下回忆每个运动。虽然预选回忆明显优于约束回忆，但在两者中都明显存在反应偏向。没有发现差异偏向效应的原因是相对痕迹强度假说（Stelmach 和 Welsh，1972）。
