Department of Psychology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
J Neurophysiol. 2012 Dec;108(12):3313-21. doi: 10.1152/jn.00122.2012. Epub 2012 Sep 12.
Recent work has investigated the link between motor learning and sensory function in arm movement control. A number of findings are consistent with the idea that motor learning is associated with systematic changes to proprioception (Haith A, Jackson C, Mial R, Vijayakumar S. Adv Neural Inf Process Syst 21: 593-600, 2008; Ostry DJ, Darainy M, Mattar AA, Wong J, Gribble PL. J Neurosci 30: 5384-5393, 2010; Vahdat S, Darainy M, Milner TE, Ostry DJ. J Neurosci 31: 16907-16915, 2011). Here, we tested whether motor learning could be improved by providing subjects with proprioceptive training on a desired hand trajectory. Subjects were instructed to reproduce both the time-varying position and velocity of novel, complex hand trajectories. Subjects underwent 3 days of training with 90 movement trials per day. Active movement trials were interleaved with demonstration trials. For control subjects, these interleaved demonstration trials consisted of visual demonstration alone. A second group of subjects received visual and proprioceptive demonstration simultaneously; this group was presented with the same visual stimulus, but, in addition, their limb was moved through the target trajectory by a robot using servo control. Subjects who experienced the additional proprioceptive demonstration of the desired trajectory showed greater improvements during training movements than control subjects who only received visual information. This benefit of adding proprioceptive training was seen in both movement speed and position error. Interestingly, additional control subjects who received proprioceptive guidance while actively moving their arm during demonstration trials did not show the same improvement in positional accuracy. These findings support the idea that the addition of proprioceptive training can augment motor learning, and that this benefit is greatest when the subject passively experiences the goal movement.
最近的研究调查了手臂运动控制中运动学习与感觉功能之间的联系。许多研究结果都支持这样一种观点，即运动学习与本体感觉（Haith A、Jackson C、Mial R、Vijayakumar S. Adv Neural Inf Process Syst 21: 593-600, 2008; Ostry DJ、Darainy M、Mattar AA、Wong J、Gribble PL. J Neurosci 30: 5384-5393, 2010; Vahdat S、Darainy M、Milner TE、Ostry DJ. J Neurosci 31: 16907-16915, 2011）的系统性变化有关。在这里，我们通过提供与期望的手部轨迹相关的本体感觉训练，测试运动学习是否可以得到改善。要求受试者复制出具有时变位置和速度的新颖、复杂的手部轨迹。受试者进行了 3 天的训练，每天 90 次运动试验。主动运动试验与演示试验交错进行。对于对照组，这些交错的演示试验仅由视觉演示组成。第二组受试者同时接受视觉和本体感觉演示；该组接受了相同的视觉刺激，但除此之外，他们的肢体还通过机器人使用伺服控制移动到目标轨迹。与仅接受视觉信息的对照组相比，体验到期望轨迹的额外本体感觉演示的受试者在训练运动中表现出更大的进步。在运动速度和位置误差方面都观察到了这种添加本体感觉训练的好处。有趣的是，在演示试验中主动移动手臂时接受本体感觉指导的额外对照组在位置准确性方面并没有表现出相同的改善。这些发现支持这样一种观点，即添加本体感觉训练可以增强运动学习，当受试者被动体验目标运动时，这种益处最大。
