Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, 60201, Evanston, Illinois.
Mem Cognit. 1976 Sep;4(5):541-7. doi: 10.3758/BF03213216.
A series of three experiments replicated and extended earlier research reported by Chase and Simon (1973), de Groot (1965), and Charness (Note 1). The first experiment demonstrated that the relationship between memory for chess positions and chess skill varies directly with the amount of chess-specific information in the stimulus display. The second experiment employed tachistoscopic displays to incrementally "build" tournament chess positions by meaningful or nonmeaningful chunks and demonstrated that meaningful piece groupings during presentation markedly enhance subsequent recall performance. The third experiment tested memory for one of two positions presented in immediate sequence and demonstrated that explanations based on a limited-capacity short-term memory (Chase & Simon, 1973) are not adequate for explaining performance on this memory task.
一系列三项实验复制并扩展了 Chase 和 Simon（1973）、de Groot（1965）和 Charness（注 1）早期报告的研究。第一项实验表明，国际象棋位置记忆与国际象棋技能之间的关系与刺激显示中的特定国际象棋信息量直接相关。第二项实验使用速示器显示，通过有意义或无意义的块逐渐“构建”锦标赛国际象棋位置，并表明在呈现过程中有意义的棋子分组明显提高了随后的回忆表现。第三项实验测试了对立即呈现的两个位置之一的记忆，并表明基于有限容量短期记忆的解释（Chase & Simon，1973）不足以解释在这个记忆任务上的表现。
