Ferguson T S, Tulloch-Reid M K, Wilks R J
Epidemiology Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica, West Indies.
West Indian Med J. 2010 Jun;59(3):259-64.
Epidemiological studies on diabetes mellitus (DM) have been conducted in the Caribbean for more than four decades. In Jamaica, the estimated prevalence of DM among adults ranged from 1.3% in 1960 to 17.9% in 1995. Part of the variation in estimates has been due to the differing age groups that have been studied. The 2007-8 Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Survey (JHLS-2) reported prevalence estimates of 7.9% for diabetes mellitus and 2.8% for impaired fasting glucose in persons 15-74 years old. Across the Caribbean, the overall prevalence of diabetes mellitus is estimated at about 9%. In addition to the high burden of prevalent diabetes, there is also a high burden of complications. In Barbados, the incidence of diabetic foot complications has been found to be second only to a population of Native Americans in Najavo. The Barbados Eye Study revealed that among persons 40-84 years old in Barbados, 28.5% had evidence of diabetic retinopathy on fundus photographs. Regionally, the impact of DM on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has not been adequately reported. With regards to diabetes care, poor control rates and inadequate surveillance for complications have been reported in Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago, Tortola and Jamaica. The JHLS-2 showed that while more than 70% of persons with diabetes were aware of the condition less than 50% were under control. In light of the expected increase in the number of people with diabetes mellitus, healthcare planners and researchers will need to redouble their efforts to both prevent as well as limit the impact of diabetes mellitus and its complications in Caribbean populations.
在加勒比地区开展关于糖尿病（DM）的流行病学研究已有四十多年。在牙买加，成年人中糖尿病的估计患病率从1960年的1.3%升至1995年的17.9%。估计患病率的部分差异归因于所研究的不同年龄组。2007 - 2008年牙买加健康与生活方式调查（JHLS - 2）报告称，15 - 74岁人群中糖尿病患病率估计为7.9%，空腹血糖受损患病率为2.8%。在整个加勒比地区，糖尿病的总体患病率估计约为9%。除了糖尿病流行带来的高负担外，并发症负担也很高。在巴巴多斯，已发现糖尿病足并发症的发生率仅次于纳瓦霍族的美洲原住民人群。巴巴多斯眼病研究显示，在巴巴多斯40 - 84岁的人群中，28.5%的人眼底照片有糖尿病视网膜病变迹象。在该地区，糖尿病对心血管疾病（CVD）的影响尚未得到充分报道。关于糖尿病护理，巴巴多斯、特立尼达和多巴哥、托尔托拉岛以及牙买加都报告了控制率低和并发症监测不足的情况。JHLS - 2表明，虽然超过70%的糖尿病患者知晓自己的病情，但不到50%的患者病情得到控制。鉴于糖尿病患者人数预计会增加，医疗规划者和研究人员将需要加倍努力，以预防并限制糖尿病及其并发症对加勒比地区人群的影响。
