Ferguson T S, Francis D K, Tulloch-Reid M K, Younger N O M, McFarlane S R, Wilks R J
Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Epidemiology Research Unit, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
West Indian Med J. 2011 Jul;60(4):422-8.
Previous studies have documented a high burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in Jamaica and suggest that mortality from CVD may be increasing. This paper provides an update on the burden of CVD risk factors in Jamaica using data from the most recent national health survey and evaluates the impact of obesity and physical activity on other CVD risk factors.
The Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Survey 2007-2008 (JHLS-2) recruited a nationally representative sample of 2848 Jamaicans, 15-74 years old between November 2007 and March 2008. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtain data on demographic characteristics, medical history and health behaviour Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements were made using standardized protocols and capillary blood samples were obtained to measure fasting glucose and total cholesterol. Prevalence estimates for the various CVD risk factors were obtained within and across sex and other demographic categories. Data were weighted for the complex survey design, nonresponse to questionnaire items or failure to complete some segments of the evaluation.
Prevalence estimates for traditional CVD risk factors were: hypertension, 25%; diabetes, 8%; hypercholesterolaemia, 12%; obesity, 25%; smoking 15%. In addition, 35% of Jamaicans had prehypertension, 3% had impaired fasting glucose and 27% were overweight. A higher proportion of women had diabetes, obesity and hypercholesterolaemia while the prevalence of prehypertension and cigarette smoking was higher in men. Approximately 50% of persons with hypertension, 25% of persons with diabetes and 86% of persons with hypercholesterolaemia were unaware of their risk status. In multivariate analysis, obesity was associated with increased odds of hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia while physical inactivity was associated with higher odds of diabetes.
The burden of CVD risk factors in Jamaica remains very high and warrants interventions to reduce CVD risk.
先前的研究记录了牙买加心血管疾病（CVD）危险因素的高负担情况，并表明CVD导致的死亡率可能正在上升。本文利用最新的全国健康调查数据，提供了牙买加CVD危险因素负担的最新情况，并评估了肥胖和身体活动对其他CVD危险因素的影响。
2007 - 2008年牙买加健康与生活方式调查（JHLS - 2）在2007年11月至2008年3月期间，招募了2848名15 - 74岁具有全国代表性的牙买加人样本。使用访员管理的问卷来获取人口统计学特征、病史和健康行为的数据。采用标准化方案进行血压和人体测量，并采集毛细血管血样以测量空腹血糖和总胆固醇。获得了不同CVD危险因素在性别和其他人口类别内及之间的患病率估计值。针对复杂的调查设计、对问卷项目无应答或未能完成评估的某些部分，数据进行了加权处理。
传统CVD危险因素的患病率估计为：高血压25%；糖尿病8%；高胆固醇血症12%；肥胖25%；吸烟15%。此外，35%的牙买加人患有高血压前期，3%的人空腹血糖受损，27%的人超重。女性中患糖尿病、肥胖和高胆固醇血症的比例更高，而男性中高血压前期和吸烟的患病率更高。约50%的高血压患者、25%的糖尿病患者和86%的高胆固醇血症患者不知道自己的风险状况。在多变量分析中，肥胖与高血压、糖尿病和高胆固醇血症的患病几率增加相关，而身体不活动与糖尿病的患病几率较高相关。
牙买加CVD危险因素的负担仍然非常高，需要采取干预措施以降低CVD风险。
