Lees Monica N, Cosman Joshua D, Lee John D, Fricke Nicola, Rizzo Matthew
University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA.
Am J Psychol. 2010 Winter;123(4):391-411. doi: 10.5406/amerjpsyc.123.4.0391.
Neuroergonomics provides a multidisciplinary translational approach that merges elements of neuroscience, human factors, cognitive psychology, and ergonomics to study brain structure and function in everyday environments. Driving safety, particularly that of older drivers with cognitive impairments, is a fruitful application domain for neuroergonomics. Driving makes demands on multiple cognitive processes that are often studied in isolation and so presents a useful challenge in generalizing findings from controlled laboratory tasks to predict safety outcomes. Neurology and the cognitive sciences help explain the mechanisms of cognitive breakdowns that undermine driving safety. Ergonomics complements this explanation with the tools for systematically exploring the various layers of complexity that define the activity of driving. A variety of tools, such as part task simulators, driving simulators, and instrumented vehicles, provide a window into cognition in the natural settings needed to assess the generalizability of laboratory findings and can provide an array of potential interventions to increase driving safety.
神经工效学提供了一种多学科的转化方法，它融合了神经科学、人因学、认知心理学和工效学的元素，以研究日常环境中的大脑结构和功能。驾驶安全，尤其是认知能力受损的老年驾驶员的驾驶安全，是神经工效学一个富有成效的应用领域。驾驶对多种认知过程提出了要求，这些认知过程通常是孤立研究的，因此在将受控实验室任务的研究结果推广到预测安全结果方面提出了一个有益的挑战。神经学和认知科学有助于解释破坏驾驶安全的认知故障机制。工效学通过系统探索定义驾驶活动的各种复杂层面的工具对这一解释进行补充。各种工具，如部分任务模拟器、驾驶模拟器和仪器车辆，为评估实验室研究结果的普遍性所需的自然环境中的认知提供了一个窗口，并可以提供一系列潜在的干预措施来提高驾驶安全。
