Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.
Appetite. 2011 Jun;56(3):577-86. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2011.01.029. Epub 2011 Feb 1.
The primary goal of this study was to examine eye gaze behavior to different kinds of food images in individuals differing in BMI status. Eye-tracking methods were used to examine gaze and pupil responses while normal weight and overweight women freely viewed pairs of different food images: high calorie sweet foods, high calorie savory foods, and low calorie foods. Self-report measures of hunger, state and trait cravings, and restrained eating were also obtained. Results revealed orienting biases to low calorie foods and decreases in pupil diameter to high calorie sweet foods relative to low calorie foods in the overweight group. Groups did not differ in the average amount of time spent gazing at the different image types. Furthermore, increased state cravings were associated with larger pupil diameters to high calorie savory foods, especially in individuals with lower BMIs. In contrast, restrained eating scores were associated with a decreased orienting bias to high calorie sweet foods in the high BMI group. In conclusion, BMI status appears to influence gaze parameters that are less susceptible to cognitive control. Results suggest that overweight individuals, especially those who diet, have negative implicit attitudes toward high calorie foods, especially sweets.
本研究的主要目的是考察 BMI 状态不同的个体对不同种类食物图像的眼动行为。研究采用眼动追踪方法，观察正常体重和超重女性在自由观看两种不同食物图像对（高热量甜食、高热量咸食和低热量食物）时的注视和瞳孔反应。同时还获得了饥饿感、状态和特质渴望以及节食的自我报告测量结果。结果表明，与低热量食物相比，超重组对低热量食物有定向偏见，而对高热量甜食的瞳孔直径减小。两组在注视不同图像类型的平均时间上没有差异。此外，状态渴望的增加与高热量咸食瞳孔直径的增大有关，尤其是在 BMI 较低的个体中。相比之下，在高 BMI 组中，节食得分与对高热量甜食的定向偏见减少有关。总之，BMI 状态似乎会影响不太受认知控制影响的注视参数。研究结果表明，超重个体，尤其是节食者，对高热量食物，尤其是甜食，存在消极的内隐态度。
