Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, 204 GM Trout, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Appetite. 2011 Jun;56(3):594-601. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2011.01.031. Epub 2011 Feb 1.
Parental control in child feeding has focused primarily on directive types of control, such as pressure to eat and food restriction. This study aimed to develop an instrument to assess other types of directive control and two additional aspects of parental child feeding, non-directive and food environmental control. Mothers of Head Start children (n=330) completed a 29-item instrument designed to assess these three feeding constructs and reported their children's food intakes. Researchers measured heights and weights of both mothers and children. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the model with three constructs did not provide an acceptable fit to the data, but an alternative model with seven sub-constructs did (Chi-square=330, df=228 p<.05, CFI=.942, RMSEA=.037). The latter model included 24 items loading onto one of the following seven factors: high control, high contingency, child-centered feeding, encouraging nutrient-dense foods, discouraging energy-dense foods, mealtime behaviors, and timing of meals. By allowing researchers to quantitatively measure feeding practices in parents with limited resources, this instrument may contribute to an improved understanding of how parental child feeding behaviors can influence children's food intakes and weight status.
在儿童喂养中，父母控制主要集中在指令式控制类型上，例如强迫进食和食物限制。本研究旨在开发一种工具来评估其他类型的指令式控制以及父母喂养儿童的另外两个方面，即非指令式和食物环境控制。参与“学前教育计划”的儿童的母亲（n=330）完成了一份 29 项的工具，旨在评估这三种喂养结构，并报告他们孩子的食物摄入量。研究人员测量了母亲和孩子的身高和体重。验证性因子分析显示，具有三个结构的模型不能为数据提供可接受的拟合，但具有七个子结构的替代模型可以（卡方=330，df=228，p<.05，CFI=.942，RMSEA=.037）。后一种模型包括 24 个项目，分别归入以下七个因素之一：高控制、高关联、以儿童为中心的喂养、鼓励营养丰富的食物、不鼓励高能量食物、用餐行为和用餐时间。通过允许研究人员用有限的资源定量测量父母的喂养行为，这种工具可能有助于更好地理解父母喂养儿童的行为如何影响儿童的食物摄入量和体重状况。
