Bruggeman Adam J, Decker Robert C
Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, 3450 Hull Road, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA.
Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2011 Feb;22(1):161-77. doi: 10.1016/j.pmr.2010.10.002. Epub 2010 Dec 14.
Lumbar disk herniation is a significant cause of lumbar radiculopathy and results in billions of dollars in health care expenditure. Herniated lumbar disks cause mechanical and chemical irritation of the nerve roots leading to complaints of sciatica. Surgeons have several surgical options when approaching herniated disks, including various microsurgical procedures. The 3 most prominent studies to date on surgical and nonsurgical management of herniated disks agree on the efficacy of surgery over medical management in the short term but have some discrepancies when looking at long-term results. Cauda equina syndrome is a variation of lumbar disk herniation in which patients experience a combination of saddle anesthesia, abnormal lower extremity reflexes, and neurogenic bowel or bladder symptoms.
腰椎间盘突出症是导致腰椎神经根病的重要原因，造成了数十亿美元的医疗保健支出。突出的腰椎间盘会对神经根造成机械性和化学性刺激，引发坐骨神经痛症状。外科医生在处理椎间盘突出时可有多种手术选择，包括各种显微外科手术。迄今为止，关于椎间盘突出症手术和非手术治疗的3项最著名的研究一致认为，短期内手术治疗比药物治疗更有效，但在长期疗效方面存在一些差异。马尾综合征是腰椎间盘突出症的一种变体，患者会出现鞍区感觉缺失、下肢反射异常以及神经源性肠道或膀胱症状等综合表现。
